论文总字数：17849字

摘 要

直捻机是轮胎帘子布制造的必要设备，纱线在直捻机上运动时断纱是最常见的纺织故障之一，如果操作人员无法及时注意到断纱的出现将会对严重影响到成纱质量，甚至损坏直捻机设备，因此需要设计出一套可以准确快速的实现断纱检测的监控系统；同时，将多个机台的断纱信息进行汇总保存于上位机中，便于值班人员进行查询并及时处理故障。

论文针对直捻机断纱成因的分析，采用基于光电原理的断纱报警器，监测多个锭位的运行状况。针对于纱线较细且脆弱的特点，选择具有红外发射功能的光电传感器来对断纱进行监测，通过比较纱线正常运行和发生断纱时光电接收器所接收到的光信号的不同便可以及时准确的判断断纱的出现。同时由于纱线本身较细，断纱引起的光信号变化无法直接被单片机接收，所以需要设计两级放大电路将光信号转化为可以被单片机所直接接收处理的脉冲信号，经由单片机控制实现剪线操作和发送报警信号，再通过RS-485通讯接口将电信号发送到上位机中，上位机利用LabVIEW软件对接收到的信号进行数据处理，实现对断纱的相关时间、位置信息的接收、记录、回读、保存等功能。整体监控系统由下位机断纱检测器和上位机监控界面组成，分工明确，结构完整，保证了断纱检测的实时性与准确性。

关键词：直捻机 断纱检测 光电传感器 LabVIEW数据处理

Design of yarn breaking monitoring system based on photoelectric clearer

Abstract

Straight twisting machine is a common equipment in the chemical fiber industry, used for silk threading, usually with two strands of silk. Since the wire used for the twisting wire needs to be loaded with the rated tension and is wound at a high speed on the wire barrel, once the strength is insufficient, the wire breaks easily, so it is necessary to monitor the spindle position at the same time while the straight twisting machine is working; The multiple machines are formed into a local network, so that the information is summarized on the local large screen, so that the on-duty personnel can handle the fault immediately.

For the analysis of the causes of yarn breakage in the straight twisting machine, the thesis adopts the yarn breakage alarm based on the photoelectric principle to monitor the running status of multiple spindle positions. In view of the thin and fragile characteristics of the yarn, the photoelectric sensor with infrared emission function is selected to monitor the yarn breakage. By comparing the difference between the normal operation of the yarn and the optical signal received by the photoelectric receiver when the yarn breakage occurs, Timely and accurately determine the occurrence of broken yarn. At the same time, due to the thin yarn itself, the change of the optical signal caused by yarn breakage cannot be directly received by the single-chip microcomputer. Therefore, it is necessary to design a two-stage amplifier circuit to convert the optical signal into a pulse signal that can be directly received and processed by the single-chip microcomputer. Operate and send alarm signals, and then send electrical signals to the host computer through the RS-485 communication interface. The host computer uses LabVIEW software to process the received signals to achieve the reception and recording of the relevant time and position information of yarn breakage , Read back, save and other functions. The overall monitoring system is composed of the lower machine yarn break detector and the upper machine monitoring interface. The division of labor is clear and the structure is complete, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of the yarn break detection.

Key Words: Straight twister; Yarn break detection; Photoelectric Sensors;

Labview data processing

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究断纱检测技术的背景和意义 1

1.2 断纱检测技术的国内外研究现状 1

1.3 研究内容与重点 3

1.4文章结构 3

第二章 直捻机工艺与光电清纱器技术 4

2.1 直捻机工作原理与断纱成因分析 4

2.1.1 直捻机工艺技术原理 4

2.1.2 直捻机断纱成因分析 5

2.2 光电式电子清纱器简介与利用 6

2.2.1 光电式电子清纱器检测原理 6

2.2.2 光电式断纱检测的应用 6

2.3本章小结 7

第三章 系统分析与硬件电路设计 8

3.1 断纱检测系统整体方案 8

3.2断纱检测系统感应区设计与信号处理 9

3.2.1 感应区设计与信号分析 9

3.2.2 信号处理电路 10

3.3断纱检测器电路设计 12

3.4本章小结 14

第四章 上位机监控系统设计 15

4.1 上位机断纱监控系统总体设计方案 15

4.1.1 上位机监控系统需求分析 15

4.1.2 监控系统原理与结构 15

4.2基于LabVIEW的上位机监控程序设计 16

4.2.1 LabVIEW及上位机功能 16

4.2.2数据接收和数据处理部分 17

4.2.3实时数据的存储 18

4.2.4纱线运行相关参数变化的波形图 20

4.3本章小结 22

第五章 总结与展望 23

5.1总结 23

5.2展望 23

参考文献 24

致谢 25

附录 26

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