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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 机械机电类 > 测控技术与仪器 > 正文

基于STM32的一种高精度激光测距仪的研究与应用毕业论文

 2021-11-11 20:45:22  

论文总字数:18579字

摘 要

激光测距仪是一种利用激光进行测距的仪器。作为一种非接触式测距仪器。应用领域比传统测距仪器更加广泛。近年来,我国基础设施建设不断完善,大兴土木的同时,需要装修的场所也越来越多。传统装修中,工人常常使用卷尺测量,存在许多弊端,因此本文设计一款体积小,精度高,使用方便的家庭用激光测距仪以代替传统卷尺测量的方法。

本文首先介绍了研究背景和目的,阐明手持激光测距仪具有广阔的市场需求和研究意义。然后分析了激光测距仪的测距原理,选择了原理清晰的脉冲式激光测距法。考虑到本设计主要用于家庭装修短距离测量,激光器功率要求不高,决定选用DL-3148-034半导体激光器并选择MAX3656激光驱动芯片进行驱动。激光测距仪在工作时回波信号为光信号,不能直接被电路处理,通过比较,最终选择PIN光电二极管。光电探测器直接输出的电流十分微弱,无法直接使用,因此在光电探测器后应设计前置放大电路,将微弱的电流信号转换为电压信号,后接MAX999高速比较器,转换为能起指示作用的逻辑电平信号。接下来,本文探讨了时刻鉴别方法最终选择了固定阈值鉴别法。对于时间间隔的测量方法,传统的数字法有较大的系统误差,模拟法易受外界干扰影响,最后选择了德国ACAM公司的TDC-GP22芯片,测量结果可直接保存在寄存器中,通过串口通信与单片机连接。结果显示部分,本文选用STM32平台进行编程,通过串口中断在TFTLCD上显示。

最后,本文连接实物模块进行测试,由于条件限制,实验距离0-3m,每隔60cm测量一次,结果较好,线性程度良好,达到预期。

关键词:STM32;激光测距仪;时间测量;脉冲式;

Abstract

Laser rangefinder is a kind of instrument which uses laser to measure distance. As a non-contact distance measuring instrument. The application field is more extensive than the traditional ranging instrument. Due to the continuous improvement of infrastructure construction, many places need to be decorated efficiently and effectively. In the traditional decoration, workers often use tape measurement, there are many disadvantages. A small but high precision, easy to use home laser rangefinder is designed in this paper to replace the traditional measurement method.

Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and purpose. It expounds that the handheld laser rangefinder has broad market demand and research significance. Then the principle of laser rangefinder is analyzed and the pulse laser rangefinder with clear principle is selected. Considering that the design is mainly used for home decoration short-distance measurement, and the laser power requirements are not high, it is decided to select dl-3148-034 semiconductor laser and max3656 laser driver chip for driving. When the laser rangefinder works, the echo signal is optical signal, which can not be directly processed by the circuit. Through comparison, the PIN photodiode is finally selected. The direct output current of the photodetector is very weak and cannot be used directly. Therefore, a pre-amplification circuit should be designed after the photodetector to convert the weak current signal into a voltage signal, followed by a max999 high-speed comparator to convert it into a logic level signal that can indicate. Next, this paper discusses the time identification method and finally chooses the fixed threshold identification method. For the time interval measurement method, the traditional digital method has a large system error, and the analog method is easy to be affected by the external interference. Finally, the tdc-gp22 chip of ACAM company in Germany is selected. The measurement results can be directly saved in the register .They can use serial communication to connect the single chip computer. In the result display part, STM32 platform is selected to program and display on TFTLCD through serial port interruption.

Finally, this paper connected the physical module for testing, because of the limitations of the conditions, the experimental distance is 0-3 meters, every 60 cm measurement, the results are good, the linearity is good, and achieve the expected.

Key Words: STM32; laser rangefinder; time measurement; pulse type

目 录

第1章 绪论 4

1.1 课题的研究背景及意义 4

1.2 激光测距仪的国内外现状 4

第2章 系统总体方案设计 6

2.1激光测距方法的选择 6

2.1.1相位式激光测距原理 7

2.1.2脉冲式激光测距原理 7

第3章 激光发射电路设计 8

3.1激光器的选择 8

3.2激光驱动电路设计 8

第4章 激光接收电路设计 11

4.1光电器件的选择 11

4.2前置放大电路设计 11

第5章 时间鉴别方法的选择 13

5.1时刻鉴别方法 13

5.1.1固定阈值鉴别法 13

5.1.2恒定比值鉴别法 13

5.2 时刻鉴别电路设计 13

第6章 时间间隔测量方法的选择 15

6.1数字法 15

6.2模拟法 15

6.3高速计时芯片 15

第7章 控制系统设计与效果检测 18

7.1 STM32F103ZET6芯片简介 18

7.2 LCD显示模块设计 18

第8章 系统测试 20

8.1 系统测试方案设计 20

8.2 数据处理与结果分析 22

第9章 总结 23

参考文献 24

附录A 元器件清单 25

附录B 关键代码 26

第1章 绪论

1.1 课题的研究背景及意义

长久以来,对于距离的测量伴随着人们文明的发展,一直是人们关注的热点问题,人们的生产生活离不开对这一信息的获取。距离测量是指测量两点之间连线长度的工作,是测量工作中最基本的任务之一。 距离测量总体可以分为两大类,一类是接触测量,一类是非接触测量。接触测量主要使用皮尺、钢尺,虽然方法简单,但容易受到地形以及长度的影响与限制。非接触测量的方法比较多,有电磁波测量、超声波测量、光学测距等等。相较于接触式测量,非接触测量操作简便,不受地形限制,测量效率较高,安全性高,目前在各领域都有广泛的应用。

1916年8月,爱因斯坦发表了《关于辐射的量子理论》,首次提出受激辐射理论,激光的相关理论由此诞生[1]。1960年,美国科学家梅曼制成了世界上第一台红宝石激光器。但此时的激光器体型笨重,十分不方便使用。

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