汽车内饰VOC检测系统设计毕业论文
2021-06-25 01:39:01
摘 要
近年来,随着经济的日益发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,全国各地区涌现了大量的高层建筑物,与此同时,建筑装修装饰行业也随之崛起。现代家居装修、家具及装饰散发的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)所引起的室内空气污染问题引起了社会各界人士的重视及媒体的关注。汽车空间窄小,密闭性好,因此汽车内有害气体超标比房屋室内有害气体超标对人体的危害程度更大。新车内装饰材料中含有的有毒气体主要包括苯、甲醛、丙酮、二甲苯等,会使人出现头痛、乏力等中毒症状;内部装饰豪华的轿车更容易产生污染。如何有效地控制汽车内空气污染的问题成了我国室内空气研究领域的一大热点。
本文针对汽车内空气污染问题,设计了一款功能完善的VOC气体检测仪,实现了VOC
气体检测仪对汽车内空气质量的实时检测与分析,人为的选择检测VOC气体的种类,测量VOC中某种特定气体的浓度并设置报警值。
本文介绍了VOC气体检测仪的设计。重点阐述了VOC气体检测仪的构成及其工作原理,采用半导体VOC传感器和STM32单片机作为核心部件,设计了单片机控制电路、声光报警电路、键盘接口电路、电源电路及液晶显示电路的硬件电路及其固件程序编程,并指出在系统设计和测试过程中应该注意的一些常见问题。
最后,对VOC气体检测仪的性能测试,将理论值与测量值做了详细的比较,验证了系统的灵敏度和精确度。检测仪基本达到设计要求,具有体积小巧、界面友好、灵敏度好、测量精度高、工作时间长等优点,是一套较实用的VOC气体检测装置。
关键词:VOC气体;传感器;报警装置;STM32单片机
Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, a large number of regions have emerged in China.High rise buildings, at the same time, the rise of the building decoration decoration industry. Modern home decoration, furniture and decoration Indoor air pollution caused by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) has attracted the attention of people from all walks of life.And media attention. Cars with narrow and small space, good air tightness, so automobile harmful gases exceeded than housing indoor harmful gases exceeded the degree of harm to human body more. New car decoration materials containing toxic gases including benzene, formaldehyde, acetone, xylene, etc., will make people have a headache, fatigue and other symptoms of poisoning; internal decoration luxury cars are more likely to produce pollution. How to effectively control the problem of air pollution in the car has become a hot topic in the field of indoor air research in China.
In this thesis, the problem of air pollution in the car, the design of a perfect function of the VOC gas detector, to achieve the VOC The real-time detection and analysis of the air quality in the car by gas detector, the artificial selection of the type of VOC gas, measuring the concentration of a particular gas in the VOC and setting the alarm value.
In this thesis, the design of VOC gas detector is introduced. The composition and work of VOC gas detector are expounded emphatically.
Principle, using the semiconductor VOC sensor and STM32 single chip microcomputer as the core components, the design of the MCU control circuit,Sound and light alarm circuit, keyboard interface circuit, power circuit and liquid crystal display circuit hardware circuit and firmware programming,Some common problems that should be noticed in the process of system design and testing are pointed out.
Finally, the performance test of the VOC gas detector, the theoretical value and the measured value are compared in detail.Sensitivity and accuracy of the system. The detector basically meets the design requirements, and has the advantages of small size, friendly interface and sensitivity.The utility system has the advantages of good measurement precision, long working time, etc., and is a set of practical VOC gas detection device.
Key words: VOC gas; sensor; alarm device; STM32 single chip microcomputer
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1课题背景及意义 1
1.2 VOC气体检测技术及国内外发展现状与展望 3
1.3本文研究的主要内容及章节安排 4
1.3.1本文研究的主要内容 4
1.3.2章节安排 5
本章小结 5
第2章 VOC检测仪的系统概况 6
2.1系统概况 6
2.1.1检测仪的工作原理 6
2.1.2检测仪的系统框图 6
2.2 系统的方案技术以及经济性与环保性 7
第3章 检测仪系统硬件设计 8
3.1 单片机选择 8
3.2 传感器测量原理及性能指标 8
3.2.1 传感器测量原理 8
3.2.2 传感器性能指标 9
3.3硬件电路设计 10
3.3.1 STM32单片机最小系统 10
3.3.2 AD7705电路 11
3.3.3 OLED液晶显示电路 11
3.3.4 电源部分 12
第4章 气体检测仪的软件设计 13
4.1系统的软件功能分析以及模块组成 13
4.2 各模块软件功能与结构模块 14
4.2.1 串口发送函数 14
4.3 软件开发平台和主要的代码,其它软件见附录 15
4.3.1 软件开发平台 15
4.3.2主要程序代码 15
第5章 总结与展望 20
5.1 工作总结 20
5.2 未来展望 20
参考文献 21
致 谢 23
第1章 绪论
1.1课题背景及意义
VOC是Volatile Organic Compounds的英语缩写,是指可挥发性有机化合物,通常指在常温下容易气化的有机化合物,较常见的有苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、甲醛、乙醇、等多个种类。以上化合物具有易挥发和亲油等特性,被普遍应用于涂料、粘合剂等溶剂以及洗涤剂等产业范畴。全国卫生组织(WHO)根据沸点对VOC有了以下分类:
车内的主要VOC污染有甲醛、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯丙烯醛、丙烯睛、多芳环碳氢化合物(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、苯、临苯二甲酸酯, 1,3一丁二烯、氯化聚二氧(杂)芑、吠喃、苯乙烯、四氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、甲苯、氟化物、甲苯基二异氰酸酯、甲醛、三氯乙烯、氯乙烯、甲乙酮、二甲苯、甲异丁酮、总挥发有机物(TVOC)。总挥发有机物为一大类化合物,其中包括丙烯醛、丙烯睛、苯、甲乙酮、苯乙烯、四氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、甲苯、二甲苯、甲苯基二异氰酸酯等等[1]。