摘 要

随着时代的发展，简单的平面打印已经不能满足人们的需求，3D打印应运而生。而在打印的过程中，原材料的挤出过程极为关键，根据不同的材料精度要求，所需要的挤料控制系统要求也不同。在3D打印中，要考虑到在加热喷头中，材料处于熔融状态，在材料挤出后能够与上一层打印粘接，并迅速固化。通过控制加热喷头温度保证打印室内温度恒定，减少断丝等现象。

目前已有的FDM（熔融沉积成型）技术中，将原材料加热熔化，进而堆积成型。加热喷头在计算机控制下根据模型的截面轮廓，在XY平面运动，材料熔化后由喷头挤出到工作台，完成平面打印，一层层的打印结束后，完成3D打印。

在石墨烯凝胶材料的3D打印挤料控制系统设计中，针对石墨烯气凝胶的流体特性设计挤料控制系统，同时还要满足微观层面精度要求。通过VC软件编写程序，实现温度显示，控制电机转速等功能。针对石墨烯凝胶材料对3D打印挤料系统的工作原理作了简单的介绍，了解了温度控制系统和挤料工作流程。介绍了螺杆挤出中的喷头结构，由步进电机控制螺杆挤出。在上位机界面中显示温度，电机工作状态等。

关键词：FDM 石墨烯气凝胶 温度控制 人机交互

Abstract

With the development of the times, simple print has been unable to meet people's needs, 3D printing came into being. In the printing process, the extrusion process of raw materials is extremely critical, according to different material accuracy requirements, the required squeeze control system requirements are also different. In 3D printing, it is necessary to take into account that in the heating nozzle, the material is in a molten state, after the material is extruded, it can be printed with the upper layer and quickly cured. By controlling the heating nozzle temperature to ensure that the printing room temperature is constant, to reduce broken wire and so on.

At present, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology, the raw material heating and melting, and then accumulation molding. Heating nozzle in the computer under the control of the model according to the cross-sectional profile, in the XY plane movement, the material melted by the nozzle after extrusion to the table, complete the print, a layer of printing after the completion of 3D printing.

In the design of the 3D printing extruder control system for graphene gel materials, the extrusion control system is designed for the fluid characteristics of the graphene aerogels, and the micro-level accuracy requirements are also met. Through the VC software to write procedures to achieve temperature display, control motor speed and other functions.

Key words: FDM Graphene airgel Temperature control

man - machine interaction

目录

1. 绪论..................................................................................................................1

1.1 研究目的及意义.................................................................................................1

1.2 国内外发展现状.................................................................................................1

1.3 研究内容及目标.................................................................................................2第二章 石墨烯凝胶3D打印原理...............................................................................3

2.1 石墨烯凝胶材料的流体特性.............................................................................3

2.2 FDM 3D打印工作机理.......................................................................................3

第三章 石墨烯凝胶3D打印挤料控制系统................................................................5

3.1 基于FDM技术3D打印挤料系统工作原理......................................................5

3.2 挤料控制系统加热喷头设计..............................................................................6

3.3 挤料系统控制流程设计.....................................................................................9

3.4 挤料温度控制系统............................................................................................12

第四章 石墨烯凝胶3D打印的交互软件设计..........................................................20

4.1 控制.....................................................................................................................20

4.2 上位机系统实现.................................................................................................20

4.2.1 语言选定........................................................................................................20

4.2.2 挤料控制程序................................................................................................21

4.2.3 温度控制程序................................................................................................23

4.2.4 串口通信驱动程序........................................................................................25

第五章 石墨烯凝胶3D打印系统..............................................................................27

第六章 总结与展望....................................................................................................29

6.1 全文总结.............................................................................................................29

6.2 展望.....................................................................................................................29

参考文献......................................................................................................................31

致谢..............................................................................................................................33

第一章 绪论

1.1研究目的及意义

随着科技的发展与进步，在打印机这方面，打印技术有了很大的进步，从平面打印到打印三维模型，打印机技术在不断的方便人们的生活。受到技术的限制，3D打印刚出现时，只能打印一些简单的零件，伴随着打印技术的提高，出现了3D打印的汽车，飞机，人造肝脏组织等^[1]。研究3D打印可以让我们更深入的了解实体打印的具体工作流程，并通过使用不同的材料来打印出人们所需要的东西，并且扩大3D打印的应用领域。目前3D打印已经应用在航天科技，医学领域，房屋建筑，汽车工业，电子行业等方面，并取得不错的成果。石墨烯气凝胶作为世界上最轻的物质之一，其密度极低。将气凝胶作为3D打印材料，打印出来的物体继承了石墨烯气凝胶的特性。作为一种微纳尺度打印，在打印复杂三维微纳结构时具有突出优势。还具备设备简单，成本低，效率高，直接成型等优点。通过石墨烯气凝胶打印出来的材料承受的负荷是自身的10万倍不等。

1.2国内外发展现状