摘 要

汽车制动器制动性能的优良，涉及到汽车驾驶人和乘客的生命安全，是绝对不能草率忽略，麻痹大意的。本文将从鼓式制动器的结构设计的角度来入手，将会依照先进的现代计算机技术进行参数化设计。传统的依靠经验和公式，来设计生产鼓式制动器的方法已经落伍，先进的生产力呼唤且期待更快的设计方式。就开发鼓式制动器的参数化设计系统而言，本文展开了如下几方面的研究工作：

（1）介绍了国内和国外在这一方面的历史成就和发展现状，为本文做了一些参考；介绍了鼓式制动器的结构，工作原理；进行参数方面的分析，为制动蹄的有限元模型的简化打下了基础，也为参数化设计做好铺垫。

（2）对冲焊蹄的设计和分析做了阐述。主要涉及到冲焊蹄的制造材料，相关性能，加工工艺流程；在受力分析方面主要是制动力和制动力矩的分析。

（3）利用VB程序来开发鼓式制动器的参数化设计系统软件。针对制动毂和制动蹄的关键参数来开发相关软件，尽可能做到人性化的设计界面，开发合理的模块化界面，便于设计人员的操作。还对开发好的设计系统进行验证分析，判断是否能达到设计效果和正确应用，验证系统的准确性。

通过上述工作，设计一种将结构参数计算快速出图的参数化设计系统就显得尤为重要。通过这一系统，只需要输入关键参数就可以获得汽车制动器的图纸，以便于设计人员参考和生产工人进行建设。这也是本文的创新点之一。

通过上述工作的支持，本文开发出了可以实现快速反应的鼓式制动器参数化设计系统，达到了实现资源的合理配置，重复利用，也有利于相关领域的设计人员减轻负担，提高劳动生产率，减少企业设计时间和成本，提高收益，获取更高的价值和企业间知名度的效果，体现出很高的应用价值。

关键词：鼓式制动器；冲焊蹄；VB；有限元分析

Abstract

The excellent brake performance of automobile brake plays an important role in the safety of drivers and passengers. This paper will start with the structural design of drum brake, and carry out parametric design according to the advanced modern computer technology. The traditional method of designing and producing drum brake relying on experience and formula has fallen behind. Advanced productivity calls for and expects faster design method. In terms of developing the parameterized design system of drum brake, this paper has carried out the following research work

(1) This paper introduces the domestic and foreign historical achievements and development status in this field, and makes some references for this paper; introduces the structure and working principle of drum brake; analyzes the parameters, which lays the foundation for the simplification of the finite element model of the brake shoe and paves the way for the parametric design.

(2) The design and analysis of the welding shoe are described. It mainly involves the manufacturing material, relevant performance and processing process of the stamping and welding shoes; in the aspect of force analysis, it mainly includes the analysis of the braking force and the braking moment.

(3) VB program is used to develop the parametric design system software of drum brake. According to the key parameters of brake hub and brake shoe, develop the relevant software, make the user-friendly design interface as much as possible, develop the reasonable modular interface, and facilitate the operation of designers. In addition, the developed design system is verified and analyzed to determine whether it can achieve the design effect and correct application, and to verify the accuracy of the system.

Through the above work, it is very important to design a parametric design system which can calculate the structural parameters quickly. Through this system, only the key parameters need to be input to obtain the drawings of automobile brake, so as to facilitate the reference of designers and the construction of production workers.

Through the support of the above work, this paper develops a drum brake parametric design system which can realize rapid response, achieve the reasonable allocation and reuse of resources, and also help designers in related fields to reduce the burden, improve labor productivity, reduce the design time and cost of enterprises, improve the income, and obtain higher value and visibility among enterprises , which shows high application value.

Key words: drum brake; welding shoe; VB; finite element analysis

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1目的及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.3研究内容、目标和技术方案 4

1.4本章小结 5

第二章 鼓式制动器的理论基础 6

2.1制动器结构 6

2.2工作原理 7

2.3主要参数的确定 8

2.4本章小结 11

第三章 冲焊蹄设计与分析 12

3.1材料与工艺 12

3.2制动蹄的受力分析 13

3.2.1制动力分析 14

3.2.2制动力矩分析 15

3.3本章小结 16

第四章 有限元分析 17

4.1有限元分析流程 17

4.2优化设计 22

本章小结 23

第五章 参数化系统设计 24

5.1参数化的原理与方法 24

5.1.1参数化设计原理 24

5.1.2参数化系统设计的方法 25

5.1.3系统需求与难点分析 25

5.2交互界面的开发设计 26

5.3验证分析 29

5.4本章小结 31

第六章 总结与展望 32

6.1全文总结 32

6.2展望 33

参考文献 34

附 录 36

致 谢 38

第一章 绪论

1.1目的及意义

随着经济的全面发展，汽车工业和相关零部件的制造业也迎来了发展的时机。在汽车的整体构造中，制动器乃至于整个制动系统是涉及到汽车安全最为关键的一部分。制动系统是通过让汽车产生一定程度的强制减速从而降低到汽车驾驶员需要的车速。

汽车制动系统的功能有这两点：一是使得强制汽车进行减速或停止；二是将汽车进入制动状态，不发生滑坡和溜坡等其他事故。交通部明确指出这样一组数据：在全国因为车辆安全造成的事故中，事故原因归属于制动不良的占64.9%，归属于制动失效的占11.6%。从这个角度来看，深入研究汽车的制动器及其相关设计就非常具有安全意义。^[1]