基于模块车快速桥梁更换施工监控毕业论文
2021-04-08 22:28:10
摘 要
中国经济的快速发展对交通的要求越来越高,早期建造的很多桥梁受交通荷载和自然因素等多种因素的影响,随着运营的时间的延续,桥梁结构产生持续恶化,因此桥梁的改造或重建是现在需要研究的一个重要课题。传统桥梁改造方式是将旧桥在原地拆除之后再进行重建,这样往往会受到场地以及交通的限制,施工同时需要对车辆进行限行或者甚至是阻断交通,这样做的结果是代价高,同时对交通和社会的影响较大。由于施工组织限制,在施工的过程中结构受扰动较大,整个工程质量难以得到满足。除了上面所述到的困难之外,传统的旧桥改造方式还存在着各种弊端。比如:扬尘多,噪音大等对环境造成了重大的污染。因此,采取新型技术来降低对交通和社会的影响,提高施工效率越来越受到了有关方的重视。在这种情况下,经过各方人员的共同努力,桥梁快速施工技术随着此需求应运而生,为桥梁的拆除和重建提供了良好的保障。其中以SPMT(自行式模块运输车,Self-propelled modular transporter)为核心设备,该技术目前在国际范围内处于领先水平,被称为桥梁整体置换技术。
本文就沈海高速公路水口至白沙段改扩建项目中涉及到的某座车行天桥的拆除施工,简单介绍了旧桥拆除方法、SPMT方法、采用Midas建模,设计计算,对30m小箱梁桥进行了受力分析,通过三个工况(工况一:桥梁初始安装状态,工况二:桥梁移运状态,工况三:桥梁落梁状态)分别进行主梁桥梁结构恒定荷载作用下剪力图、剪力包络图、弯矩图、弯矩包络图等的计算,同时对比理论值进行截面应力的验算。
研究结果表明:工况一、工况二中小箱梁的截面的抗弯、抗剪承载能力不满足规范要求,梁的应力、压应力不满足规范要求。故沈海高速开阳段跨线天桥快速新建,若用30m小箱梁,再用模块车进行快速架设时,梁体相关承载能力不满足规范要求,即有开裂或强度破坏等风险。
关键字:快速桥梁拆除; SPMT; 小箱梁; 应力验算
Abstract
With the rapid development of China's economy, the traffic requirements are getting higher and higher. Many bridges built in the past are affected by many factors, such as traffic load and natural factors. With the continuation of the operation time, the bridge structure continues to deteriorate. Therefore, the reconstruction or reconstruction of bridges is an important topic that needs to be studied at present. The traditional way of bridge reconstruction is to demolish the old bridge in situ and then reconstruct it, which will often be restricted by the site and traffic. At the same time, the construction needs to restrict the traffic of vehicles or even block the traffic. The result is high cost. At the same time, it has a great impact on traffic and society. Due to the limitation of construction organization, it has passed through the construction. The whole engineering quality is difficult to be satisfied because of the large disturbance of the structure in the process. In addition to the difficulties mentioned above, there are still various drawbacks in the traditional old bridge reconstruction method. For example, a lot of dust, noise and so on have caused great pollution to the environment. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the adoption of new technologies to reduce the impact on traffic and society and to improve the construction efficiency. In this case, through the joint efforts of all parties, the rapid construction technology of the bridge emerges as the times require, which provides a good guarantee for the demolition and reconstruction of the bridge. Among them, SPMT (self-traveling module transport vehicle, Self-prope) Lled modular transporter) is the core equipment, which is in the leading level in the world at present, and is called bridge overall replacement technology.
This paper briefly introduces the demolition method of old bridge, SPMT method, Midas modeling and design calculation on the demolition construction of a certain garage flyover involved in the reconstruction and expansion project from Shuikou to Baisha section of Shenhai Expressway. The stress analysis of 30m small box girder bridge is carried out. Through three working conditions (working condition 1: bridge initial installation state, working condition 2: bridge transfer state, working condition 3: bridge falling beam state), the shear force of the main beam bridge structure under constant load is carried out. The shear envelope diagram and bending moment envelope diagram are calculated, and the cross section stress is checked by comparing the theoretical values.
The results show that the bending and shear bearing capacity of the section of the small and medium-sized box girder in the first and second working conditions do not meet the requirements of the code, and the stress and compressive stress of the beam do not meet the requirements of the code. Therefore, if the 30m box girder is used and then the module car is used for rapid erection, the related bearing capacity of the beam body does not meet the requirements of the code, that is, there is a risk of cracking or strength failure.
Key words:Rapid bridge removal; SPMT; Small box girder; Stress checking calculation
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究现状 1
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究内容 4
第二章 介绍SPMT模块车 5
2.1 SPMT设备概述 5
2.2 SPMT设备构造说明 5
2.2.1轮轴系统 5
2.2.2制动系统 6
2.2.3变速系统 6
2.3 SPMT设备操作说明 6
2.4 SPMT设备控制说明 7
2.5 SPMT设备稳定性 8
2.5.1 液压分组 8
2.5.2 风速和坡度 8
2.6 本章小结 8
第三章 基于SPMT工法实现快速桥梁施工 9
3.1 实施条件 9
3.2 运输体系 9
3.3 后续工作 10
3.4 本章小结 11
第四章 30m小箱梁结构计算书 12
4.1 工程概况 12
4.1.1 项目概述 12
4.1.2 总体方案 12
4.2 30m跨新建小箱梁结构计算分析 12
4.2.1 结构构造 12
4.2.2 计算参数 13
4.2.3 计算工况 14
4.2.4 工况一结构安全计算分析 15
4.2.5 工况二结构安全计算分析 19
4.2.6 工况三结构安全计算分析 29
4.2.7 结论 33
第五章 结论与展望 35
5.1 结论 35
5.2 展望 35
参考文献 37
致 谢 38
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
随着我国经济的快速发展,交通行业的迅速发展以及公路网的不断延展,桥梁凭借着自身优越的越障能力,所以在交通行业建设中扮演着越来越重要角色。同时,基于我国特殊的国情和社会背景,许多混凝土箱梁结构桥梁以其结构刚度大、施工方便、工期短、跨越能力大、造价经济等特点,得到了广泛的应用。由于之前我国建桥的设计、施工管理水平发展相对滞后、基础研究不够,其中有很多桥梁在桥梁结构、桥梁材料上的基础研究还不是很充分,同时我国设计规范标准同国际发达国家规范标准相对落后,面对数量庞大、增长迅速的桥梁缺乏有效的管养机制,众多桥梁缺少管理和保养,由于我国交通运输管理体制还不够完善等多方面原因,难以控制我国公路桥梁上超载、超限车的情况,再加上受车辆荷载和自然因素等多种因素的影响,桥梁状况越来越恶劣。同时,随着我国经济发展速度和城市化进程的加快,物流数量的增加,汽车制造技术的进步以及大型载重汽车的不断增多,小汽车越来越普遍进入家庭,许多桥梁现状已经无法满足人们日常通行的需求。这就导致了很多桥梁需要进行重建或者扩建,其中包括部分桥梁由于使用功能的改变或者线路升级改造,这些桥梁需要进行全部或者部分拆除。另一方面,在新建和扩建桥梁方面,如果继续采用传统旧桥改造或者传统新建桥梁方式,则会导致施工工期过长,对交通限行或者阻断交通,则会导致社会成本增加,从而导致国家资源的浪费,不利于国家环保和可持续发展。同时如果采用传统方式,则会导致施工对附近居民正常生活的影响过大,社会舆论压力大。为了提高桥梁结构的质量和耐久性,减小桥梁施工对社会和交通所产生的不利影响,亟需一种能够工业化预制加工,进行现场快速桥梁施工从而大幅度缩减施工工期,并且能够保障桥梁性能的快速施工桥梁。
在桥梁拆除或者重建的过程中,由于我国目前桥梁拆除研究较少尚无相关的指南可供参考,从施工角度来讲,桥梁拆除施工本是一件非常复杂的工程,具有风险高、技术高、难度高等特征。一般来说,桥梁只有在结构本身存在一定问题或者使用功能上不能够满足现实要求时才会考虑并实施拆除工作,在这种情况下,桥梁本身的受力和潜在的隐患很难把握清楚,因此如何把这些桥安全并可靠的拆除显得越来越重要,具有重大的现实意义。