摘 要

目前，温室效应的形势严峻使得暴雨洪涝事件频发，洪涝事件对国家造成不可忽略的损失，海绵城市建设刻不容缓。为了生态型透水路面结构的建设以及切实解决城市内涝问题对人民生命和财产造成的威胁，本文通过对海绵设施之一的透水性路面进行了研究，确定了几种适用于不同交通量作用下的透水性路面结构；并且对几种海绵设施的组合前后采用软件进行模拟分析，确定了设置海绵设施对减小城市内涝灾害具有一定作用。本文主要分为两部分的内容：

第一部分是对海绵城市建设中的透水路面进行研究；开展城市道路生态沥青路面的研究需要解决路面强度和路面耐久性（寿命）的矛盾，提出新的结构组合，以及材料的试验参数，通过对文献的阅读以及对规范的认真研究初步确立了A、B、C三种不同透水形式的路面结构形式，并对路面结构各结构层的模量参数依据规范进行了设计。由于以各结构层厚度和各结构层模量参数作为研究变量，便采用了控制变量法，首先视各结构层模量为常数，各结构层厚度为变量，采用正交水平试验的设计方法进行了四因素五水平的正交试验，并且在采用BISAR软件运行出的结果中可以发现结构A的各层层底拉应力、土基顶面压应变、面层剪应力等指标均满足规范要求，确定了结构A是在各种交通量下力学响应都达到指标的结构设计；然后将选择出的结构A的厚度组合作为常量，再次进行正交试验设计，以初次试验时的指标进行验证，使用BISAR软件确定出了不同交通量下结构A的最优模量组合。结构B和C依照结构A的研究方法也确定出了适于不同交通量作用下的最优结构组合。

第二部分是通过对传统道路排水设施的研究，分析海绵设施的设置布局，设置以透水路面为主导的海绵设施来达到减少地表径流量的目的，采用SWMM软件对布置海绵设施后的道路与传统道路的地表径流进行比较，确定并验证海绵设施布局的合理性。依据规范要求，对进行场地模拟的区域数据、铰点数据、管道数据、等数据进行了收集与处理，并且建立了不同的区域便于分别对场地开发前、传统道路开发后以及海绵城市道路开发后三种情况进行模拟。初次模拟只将传统道路改为了透水路面，但是只添加了透水铺装的城市道路道路并不能推迟峰值，仅仅削减了峰值流量和径流总量，虽然提前了雨水径流流动时间，但是相对未开发模式减负不大；又通过改变道路铺设透水铺装的百分比以及增添渗透沟、植草沟等海绵设施进行了模拟，发现只有各种海绵设施综合使用才能达到防止城市内涝发生的效果。

关键词：海绵城市；道路设施；透水路面；BISAR；SWMM

Abstract

At present, the grim situation of the greenhouse effect makes frequent heavy rains flood events, which makes the country's loss that cannot be ignored for,sponge city construction is of great urgency. For the construction of ecotype permeable pavement structure and to solve the problem of urban waterlogging cause threat to people's lives and property, this article through to the sponge porous pavement’s studied, which is one of the facilities, determine the several suitable permeability of pavement structure for different traffic volume; And through to the simulation analysis of several kinds of sponge facilities was carried out before and after,we can saw that it was determined that the installation of the sponge facilities had a certain effect on reducing the water flooding in the city. This article is divided into two parts:

The first part is the study of urban construction of the permeable pavement sponge; To carry out the study of urban road ecological asphalt pavement needs to solve the pavement strength and road durability (life) of the contradiction, put forward a new structure and composition, as well as the material test parameters, through reading of literature as well as to the specification of serious study preliminarily established A, B, C three different permeable pavement structure form, and according to the specification determined the design modulus of pavement structure layer of each structure. Due to the structure of each structural layer of layer thickness and modulus parameters as variables, so control variable method is adopted, the first apparent modulus of each layer is constant and the thickness of each layer for variables, by means of orthogonal experimental level design method of the orthogonal test of four factors, five levels, and from run out of BISAR software can be found in the results of A tensile stress of each layer upon layer bottom structure, at the top of the soil base compressive strain, such as surface shear stress indicators meet the requirement of specification, and determines the structure of A is mechanical response under various traffic to index structure design; And then selecting the thickness of the structure of A combination as A constant, again to orthogonal experiment design,just is proved as the firft time, using BISAR software to determine the optimal modulus under different traffic flow structure of A portfolio. Structures B and C in accordance with the structure of the A research method is also determined under different traffic capacity under the optimal structure of the combination.

The other one is get through the research of the traditional road drainage facilities, draw lessons from previous sponge facilities layout ideas, set up reasonable sponge facilities to reduce surface runoff, the SWMM software is adopted to decorate the road after sponge facilities coMPared with traditional road surface runoff, identify and verify the rationality of facility layout sponge. Accordance with the requirements of specification, our regional data of field simulation, hinge point data, the pipeline data, such as data collection and processing, and established the different areas to facilitate the site before the development, the traditional road development and sponge urban road development after three conditions were simulated. Initial simulation will only change the traditional way to permeable pavement, but only to add the permeable pavement of city road road does not delay the peak, only cut the peak discharge and runoff volume, though the storm runoff flow ahead of time, but relatively undeveloped mode not much burden; And by changing the percentage of the permeable pavement paved roads and increase infiltration ditch, plant CaoGou sponge facilities are simulated, found that only a comprehensive use of various sponge facilities can achieve the result that prevent urban waterlogging occurs.

Key Words：Sponge city；BISAR；SWMM

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1国外研究现状 1

1.2.2国内研究现状 2

1.3课题研究内容与意义 2

第二章 适用于城市道路的海绵设施研究 4

2.1研究部分设施分类 4

2.1.1渗透设施 4

2.1.2 蓄水设施 5

2.1.3 滞留设施 5

2.1.4 净化设施 5

2.1.5 过水设施 6

2.2本章小结 6

第三章 荷载作用下透水沥青路面的力学响应 8

3.1 透水沥青路面各种结构层的介绍 8

3.1.1 透水沥青面层 8

3.1.2 沥青稳定碎石 8

3.1.3 水泥稳定碎石 8

3.1.4 多孔水泥稳定碎石 8

3.1.5 垫层 8

3.1.6 压实土基 9

3.2 透水沥青路面结构功能层的设置介绍 9

3.3 结构分析方法概述 10

3.3.1弹性层状体系理论 10

3.3.2结构力学分析方法 11

3.4 参数的确定 11

3.4.1交通量参数 11

3.4.2 路面材料设计参数 12

3.4.3车辆荷载参数选择 15

3.5 透水沥青路面结构设计标准 16

3.6 透水沥青路面结构荷载应力分析 19

3.6.1 荷载应力正交试验设计 19

3.6.2 透水路面结构A路面结构层厚度的确定 20

3.6.3 透水路面结构B路面结构层厚度的确定 33

3.6.4 透水路面结构C路面结构层厚度的确定 43

3.6.5 结构A荷载应力分析的最佳模量组合的确定 48

3.6.6 结构B荷载应力分析的最佳模量组合的确定 56

3.6.7 结构C荷载应力分析的最佳模量组合的确定 60

第四章 城市道路雨水系统水文过程模拟 66

4. 1模型介绍 66

4. 2 数据收集 66

4.2. 1降雨数据收集 66

4.2. 2土地利用数据 68

4.2. 3 水利数据 68

4. 3 场地模拟 69

4.3.1 开发前场地模拟 69