摘 要

高磷高氮工业废水是工业废水中的一块难啃的硬骨头，其有机物浓度、盐浓度都极高，而且成分复杂且多变，具有很强的毒性，运用现有的污水处理方法很难达到排放标准，对环境的危害十分严重，随着农业、工业的加速发展和人们对环境保护的重视，能够高效处理此类废水变得越来越重要。

本实验所用废水来源于湖北某化工有限公司，该公司主要生产的产品为草甘膦及其相关产物，为了解决该公司的废水处理的压力，在对该公司草甘膦废水成分进行分析，并综合考虑各种处理方法的基础上，提出了Fenton氧化 铁碳微电解 A²/O工艺的工艺组合，以期达到国家要求的排放标准。

在经过正交实验和单因素分析后得出结论，Fenton氧化的最佳条件为：H₂O₂投加量为7g/L，FeSO₄投加量为12g/L,反应pH值为3之间，氧化时间为60min；铁碳微电解的最佳条件为：pH为2，曝气量为16L/min，反应时间90min；A²/O同步脱氮除磷工艺最适反应条件为：pH=7~7.5，温度=20℃，水力停留时间为12h，混合液回流比为200%，污泥回流比为50%~100%之间；最后以氯化铁作为除磷剂。

采用Fenton氧化 铁碳微电解 A²/O工艺处理草甘膦高氮高磷废水，原污水经过1L体积的小试流程，COD从最初的6608mg/L降至56.21mg/L,COD去除率达99.14%，总氮从最初的1860mg/L降至34.82mg/L，去除率达到98.13%，氨氮从最初的385.75mg/L降至6.72mg/L,去除率达98.2%，总磷从84.93mg/L降至0.19mgL,去除率达99.78%，皆符合工业园区污水处理厂接受标准。

关键词：草甘膦废水；Fenton氧化；铁碳微电解；A²/O同步脱氮除磷工艺；

Abstract

The high-phosphorus, high-nitrogen industrial wastewater is a hard question in industrial wastewater treatment. Its organic concentration and salt concentration are extremely high, and its components are complex and varied, and it is highly toxic. It is difficult to achieve the existing wastewater treatment methods. Emission standards are very harmful to the environment. With the accelerated development of agriculture and industry and people's attention to environmental protection, it is becoming more and more important to be able to efficiently treat such wastewater.

The wastewater used in this experiment was sourced from Hubei Chemical Co., Ltd. The company's main product was glyphosate and its related products. In order to solve the company's wastewater treatment pressure, the company's glyphosate wastewater composition was analyzed, and Based on a comprehensive consideration of various treatment methods, a process combination of Fenton oxidation iron-carbon microelectrolysis A²/O process was proposed to meet the national requirements for emission standards.

After orthogonal experiments and single factor analysis, it was concluded that the optimal conditions for Fenton oxidation were: H₂O₂ dosage 7 g/L, FeSO4 dosage 12 g/L, reaction pH 3, oxidation time The optimum conditions for iron-carbon microelectrolysis are: pH 2, aeration volume 16L/min, reaction time 90 min. The optimal reaction conditions for A²/O simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process are: : pH = 7 ~ 7.5, temperature = 20 °C, hydraulic retention time is 12h, the mixture reflux ratio is 200%, the sludge reflux ratio is between 50% ~ 100%; Finally, ferric chloride is used as a phosphorus removal agent.

Fenton oxidation iron-carbon micro-electrolysis A²/O process was used to treat glyphosate high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus wastewater. The original wastewater was subjected to a small test volume flow of 1L, COD was reduced from the initial 6608mg/L to 577.5mg/L, COD was reduced from 6608 mg/L to 56.21mg/L, COD removal rate was 99.14%, total nitrogen was reduced from the initial 1860 mg/L to 34.82 mg/L and the removal rate reached 98.13%，ammonia nitrogen was reduced from initial 385.75 mg/L to 6.72 mg/L, removal rate was 98.2%, and total phosphorus decreased from 84.93 mg/L to 0.19 mg/L, the removal rate is 99.78%, which all meet the Industrial Park Wastewater Treatment Plant Acceptance Criteria.

Key words: glyphosate wastewater; Fenton oxidation; iron-carbon microelectrolysis; A²/O simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process;

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景和内容 1

1.1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.2研究内容和目的 2

1.2高氮高磷工业废水的危害 2

1.3废水脱氮除磷技术研究现状 2

1.3.1物化脱氮技术 2

1.3.2生物脱氮技术 3

1.3.3生物同时脱氮除磷技术 3

1.4草甘膦废水处理的难点和解决思路 4

第二章 理论基础 6

2.1 Fenton氧化法原理及影响因素 6

2.1.1 Fenton氧化法原理 6

2.1.2 Fenton氧化法影响因素 7

2.2铁碳微电解原理及影响因素 7

2.2.1铁碳微电解原理 7

2.2.2铁碳微电解的影响因素 9

2.3生物脱氮除磷原理及影响因素 10

2.3.1生物脱氮除磷原理 10

2.3.2生物脱氮除磷影响因素 12

2.4 小结 12

第三章 草甘膦废水处理实验 13

3.1实验概况 13

3.1.1废水来源及水质 13

3.1.2实验分析项目、方法 13

3.1.3实验设备、试剂 13

3.1.4实验流程和方法 13

3.1.5 Fenton氧化 铁碳微电解 A²/O工艺流程预试验 15

3.1.6 Fenton氧化工艺最优条件的探究 16

3.1.7铁碳微电解最优条件的探究 18

3.1.8 A²/O同步去氮除磷工艺正交实验结果分析 19

3.1.9后续处理过程 20

3.1.10最终出水水质 21

第四章 结论与建议 22

4.1结论 22

4.2建议 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第一章 绪论

1.1课题背景和内容

1.1.1研究背景及意义

我国的水资源状况十分令人担心。我国拥有着占全世界22%的人口，但我们所用的淡水资源却仅占全世界的8%，人均水资源仅2300立方米，仅达到全世界人均水资源量的四分之一，水资源的供需矛盾极其突出;所以为了解决水资源上的矛盾，解开限制中国经济发展的这个桎梏，水的处理和再利用也就越来越重要^[1]。

在城市发展中，工业发展和用水的供给都是十分重要而且紧密相关的。在中国的近二十里，工业以前所未有的速度发展。没有一个其他的发展中国家能在过去的二十年中能实现不间断地以10%的速度发展。相应地，随着中国工业化进程如此快的发展，工业用水和工业废水排放量也一并增多。工业废水排放在过去的几十年中稳步增长，在2012年达到了222亿立方米，占全部废水排放量的32.4%。由于废水处理成本高，国家监管力度不够大等缘故，大量废水排放到环境中，造成了十分严重的环境污染；工业聚集区的污水成分通常都十分复杂，并且不同企业排出的废水性质差异都很大，再加上排放基数大的缘故，这使得污水处理的成本大幅增加并对污水处理技术提出了更高的要求^[2]。