论文总字数：24276字

摘 要

氨基酸作为一种极其重要的有机物，在不同的领域都有不同的作用。氨基酸的分离和分析一直是科学家研究的重点，而氨基酸本身没有显色或发光基团，且分子极性很大，这就为氨基酸的分析带来了很多困难。长期以来，科学家使用了各种方法和途径来是氨基酸变得容易检测，从而推动其发展。氨基酸的直接分析法虽简便易操作，但分析效果不佳，所以间接分析法被广泛使用。使用不同的衍生化试剂对氨基酸进行衍生化处理，使氨基酸可以显色或发光，进而对氨基酸进行检测。不同衍生方法需要用到不同的衍生化试剂，检测效果也大不相同。本文使用2，4-二硝基氟苯对氨基酸进行衍生化处理，苯环和硝基都是典型的生色基团，硝基苯在365nm处有较强的吸收带，借助紫外吸收等仪器就可对氨基酸进行分离和检测。2,4-二硝基氟苯衍生化氨基酸得到的产物DNP-氨基酸在365 nm紫外光照射下能够发生分解反应，生成苯并吲哚衍生物，因为氨基酸侧链的取代基不同，造成生成的吲哚衍生物不同，这对氨基酸的质谱和色谱分析有重要意义，能够提高检测的准确度。

关键词：氨基酸 DNFB 衍生化 光反应

Synthesis and Photoreaction of Derivatives of Hydrophobic Amino Acids

Abstract

As an extremely important organic substance, amino acid has different functions in different fields. The separation and analysis of amino acids have always been the focus of scientists' research. However, amino acids have no chromogenic or luminescent groups and have very large molecular polarity, which brings many difficulties to the analysis of amino acids. For a long time, scientists have used various methods and approaches to make amino acids easier to detect, thus promoting their development. Although the direct analysis of amino acids is simple and easy to operate, the analysis effect is not good, so the current analysis method of amino acids is mainly indirect analysis. By using different derivatization reagents, amino acids can develop colors or emit light, and then amino acids can be detected. Different derivatization methods require different derivatization reagents, and the detection effect is also very different. In this paper, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene is used to derivatize amino acids. Benzene ring and nitro group are typical chromogenic groups. Nitrobenzene has a strong absorption band at 365nm. Amino acids can be separated and detected by ultraviolet absorption and other instruments. DNP- amino acid, a product obtained by derivatizing amino acids with 2,4- dinitrofluorobenzene, can undergo decomposition reaction under 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation to generate benzindole derivatives, because different substituents of amino acid side chains cause different indole derivatives to be generated, which is of great significance for mass spectrometry and chromatographic analysis of amino acids and can improve detection accuracy.

Key words:Amino acid；DNFB;Derivatization；photoreaction

目录

摘要 I

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1氨基酸 1

1.1.1简介 1

1.1.2分类 1

1.1.3理化性质 2

1.1.4氨基酸的作用 2

1.2. 氨基酸的分析与分离方法 3

1.2.1氨基酸的分离纯化 3

1.2.2分析方法简介 4

1.2.3氨基酸的间接分析法 4

1.2.4常用衍生化试剂介绍 5

1.2.5氨基酸分析的历史 6

1.2.6常用分析方法 7

1.2.7氨基酸分析的展望 9

1.3 2,4-二硝基氟苯衍生化 10

1.3.1简介 10

1.3.2 DNFB法的优缺点 10

1.4本课题的提出和意义 11

第二章 疏水氨基酸的衍生化合成及其探究实验 12

2.1实验仪器及试剂 12

2.1.1实验试剂 12

2.1.2实验仪器 13

2.2疏水氨基酸的衍生化合成 13

2.2.1丙氨酸（Ala）的衍生化合成 13

2.2.2缬氨酸（Val）的衍生化合成 14

2.2.3亮氨酸（Leu）的衍生化合成 14

2.2.4脯氨酸（Pro）的衍生化合成 15

2.2.5色氨酸（Trp）的衍生化合成 16

2.3 溶液的配置 16

2.4吸收光谱的测定 17

2.5高分辨质谱的测定 17

第三章 结果与讨论 18

3.1疏水氨基酸衍生化后的光谱性质 18

3.2疏水氨基酸衍生化后的质谱性质 20

3.3疏水氨基酸衍生化产物的光反应研究 21

第四章 结论 25

附录 26

参考文献 37

致谢 39

疏水氨基酸衍生化产物的合成及其光反应研究

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