摘 要

聚氨酯是从20世纪30年代开始发展，是一种重要的合成材料之一。聚氨酯结构具有软、硬嵌段，并且软硬段可调，通过对结构的调整，得到的材料具有耐腐、耐污、耐磨以及优良的机械性能。所以目前欧洲各国及日本美国都将聚氨酯视为一种高性能的品种大力研发。但是因为水性聚氨酯分子中引入了亲水基团，造成涂膜得耐水性和耐候性较差，硬度较低，表面光泽度差，在防水领域中得使用受到了限制。所以在保持水性聚氨酯优良的成膜性、稳定性以及力学性能的基础上，增强水性聚氨酯胶膜的耐水性和耐候性，有着很好的应用价值。

本文利用聚丙烯二醇（PPG-1000）、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）为合成单体，二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）为亲水扩链剂，并用一缩二乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）进行后期扩链与交联，利用预聚体分散法中的丙酮法制备了系列水性聚氨酯预聚体，研究了合成配方以及工艺对水性聚氨酯粒径及分布的影响，然后对水性聚氨酯进行了改性，研究了不同有机硅对水性聚氨酯胶膜的表面疏水性、耐水性、耐候性、力学性能等的影响、本文一共分为四个章节：

1. ，主要是对本研究的背景以及它的应用价值，大概简介了水性聚氨酯的国内外的研究和应用的进展情况、合成与改性、成膜等机理，重点描述了水性聚氨酯的改性技术以及国内外的研究进展。在最后提出了本研究的目标、思路以及方案。
2. ，采用二丁胺滴定法探究了合成配方以及反应时间对水性聚氨酯粒径及其分布的影响。本实验通过优化实验进行工艺的优化制备出性能较优的水性聚氨酯。分别采用氨基硅油、羟基硅油和硅烷偶联剂kh560改性水性聚氨酯，研究了不同的有机硅对水性聚氨酯的改性之后的性能的变化。对水性聚氨酯乳液的性能研究表面，固含量控制在30%-35%时做出的膜的性能较好。
3. ，对水性聚氨酯成膜之后的性能进行检测，通过对实验结果的分析可以发现硅烷偶联剂kh560对水性聚氨酯的改性有较好的表面张力以及达到100.1°的接触角。表明改性后的水性聚氨酯仍然具有良好的外观以及力学性能，成膜后吸水率低于15%、接触角为100.1°、铅笔硬度为4H、附着力较好，是一种较好的疏水涂层。
4. ，主要的结论。总结论文各阶段的主要研究内容和结论，并且得出了总的结论。

关键词：水性聚氨酯；有机硅；耐水性；接触角

Abstract

Polyurethanes have been developed since the 1930s and are one of the most important synthetic materials. Polyurethane structure with soft and hard blocks, and soft and hard section adjustable, through the adjustment of the structure, the material has corrosion resistance, dirt, wear and excellent mechanical properties. So the current Europe and the United States, Japan will be regarded as high-performance varieties of strong research and development. But because of the introduction of hydrophilic molecules in its molecules, resulting in poor resistance to chemical coating and solvent resistance, low hardness, surface gloss is not high, in the field of corrosion has been limited use. Therefore, to maintain the excellent water-based polyurethane film, stability and mechanical properties, based on the enhanced water-based polyurethane film chemical resistance and solvent resistance, has a very high value.

In this paper, polypropylene glycol (PPG-1000), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as synthetic monomer, dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as hydrophilic chain extender, and with diethylene glycol, (TMP) was used to carry out late chain extension and crosslinking. A series of waterborne polyurethanes were prepared by prepolymer dispersion method. The effects of synthetic formula and process on the particle size and distribution of waterborne polyurethane were studied, and then the waterborne polyurethane The effects of different silicone on the hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, solvent resistance and mechanical properties of waterborne polyurethane films were studied. The paper is divided into four chapters:

The first chapter is mainly about the background of this study and its application value. It is about the progress of research and application of waterborne polyurethane at home and abroad, the mechanism of synthesis and modification, film formation and so on. It emphasizes the modification of waterborne polyurethane Technology and research progress at home and abroad. At the end of this paper, the objectives, ideas and schemes of this research are put forward.

In the second chapter, the effects of synthetic formula and reaction time on the particle size and distribution of waterborne polyurethane were investigated by dibutylamine titration. In this experiment, the optimum performance of waterborne polyurethane was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The effects of different silicone on the properties of waterborne polyurethane were investigated by using amino silicone oil, hydroxyl silicone oil and silane coupling agent kh560 modified waterborne polyurethane. The performance of the aqueous polyurethane emulsion on the surface, solid content control at 30% -35% when the film made better performance.

In the third chapter, the performance of waterborne polyurethane after film formation is tested. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it can be found that the modification of the waterborne polyurethane has better surface tension and reaching the contact angle of 109.5 °. The results show that the water-borne polyurethane still has good appearance and mechanical properties, the water absorption after film formation is 17%, the contact angle is 109.5 °, the pencil hardness is better, and it is a better hydrophobic coating.

In the forth chapter, the main conclusion. Summarize the main research contents and conclusions of each stage of the paper, and draw the general conclusion.

Key Words：Waterborne Polyurethane; Silicone; Water Resistance; Contact Angle

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 水性聚氨酯的概述 1

1.2.1水性聚氨酯的发展 1

1.2.2水性聚氨酯的性能特点 2

1.2.3水性聚氨酯的合成及分类 3

1.2.4水性聚氨酯的成膜机理 4

1.3 水性聚氨酯的改性技术 4

1.3.1交联改性 4

1.3.2共聚改性 5

1.3.3共混改性 5

1.4 有机硅的概述 5

1.5 研究目的意义与研究内容 5

1.5.1研究目的意义 5

1.5.2研究内容 6

第2章 水性聚氨酯合成改性及其性能研究 7

2.1引言 7

2.2实验部分 7

2.2.1实验试剂与仪器 7

2.2.2实验预处理 8

2.2.3未改性的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备 8

2.2.3羟基硅油改性的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备 9

2.2.4氨基硅油改性的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备 9

2.2.5硅烷偶联剂kh560改性的水性聚氨酯乳液的制备 9

2.2.6测试与表征 10

2.3结果与讨论 11

2.3.1 水性聚氨酯的预聚阶段的合成 11

2.3.2 水性聚氨酯乳液的红外光谱（FT-IR）分析 13

2.3.3 硅系改性水性聚氨酯乳液的性能表征分析 14

2.4 小结 15

第3章 改性的水性聚氨酯膜的制备及其性能研究 16

3.1 漆膜的制备 16

3.2 漆膜的常规机械性能测试 16

3.3 漆膜吸水率与接触角测试 16

3.3.1 吸水率测试 16

3.3.2 接触角测试 16

3.4 漆膜的热重分析 17

3.5 结果分析 17

3.5.1 机械性能 17

3.5.2 吸水率与接触角 17

3.6 小结 18

第4章 结论 20

参考文献 21

致谢 23

第1章 绪论

1.1 研究背景