论文总字数：21050字

摘 要

纤维素纤维织物染色用量最大的染料是活性染料，但其具有由于水解而导致的利用率不高的重大缺点。吸附在纤维上的水解染料易形成浮色，严重影响染色产品的色牢度。常规的棉织物在活性染料的上染都会相应紧跟一步还原净洗和一步皂洗清洗工艺，两次的净洗过程占用了整个工艺流程的大量时间，且耗水严重。还原净洗使用的保险粉不仅存在运输、储备、安全等方面的问题也是造成污染性废水的重要源头之一，开发低能耗水耗且环境污染小的皂洗剂越发的被人们重视。

针对目前国内市场上出售的一些活性染料皂洗剂的皂洗性能一般且有很大提升空间的现状，本论文将把能改善聚合物性能的第三单体引入到MA/AA共聚物之中，设计合成了具有梳状结构的高分子化合物。研究发现共聚物的皂洗性能与引入的第三单体的亲脂性密切相关，亲脂性越好皂洗效果越好，长链的洗涤作用和高分子的卷曲包覆絮凝作用的结合使得这类化合物具有很好的皂洗性能。将AMPS作为皂洗剂合成中的一种组分可以增强皂洗剂对杂质和染料颗粒的吸附和包裹能力，达到良好的皂洗和防沾污效果。

本论文参考了当前众多研究和应用，选取了对染料的皂洗表现最为优秀且环境友好的几种表面活性剂和水溶液性高分子物质作为实验的对象，通过正交实验确定其合成的最佳工艺为：m（MA）:m（AA）:m（AMPS）=6:9:4，引发剂用量为单体质量的3.5%，反应温度75℃，反应时间8h，并用红外光谱对高分子聚合物的结构进行了表征。此高分子展现出的去除织物浮色性能是一般产品的2.5倍左右，经其皂洗后的纺织品各项性能良好，皂洗残液吸光度值是标样的3至4倍，与白色织物一起皂洗的防沾色性能约为标样1至2倍。所得的三元共聚物既有较好净洗能力，又有较强的抗沾色能力。本高聚物生物降解性极好，可以达到90%的自然降解度，是一种环境友好型纺织助剂，且它们经过红外光谱分析，证实与目标的疏状结构相符合。这种高聚物的合成方法不仅方便、简易而且具有较高的收率，可达80%以上。

关键词：共聚物 皂洗 分散 活性染料

Abstract

Reactive dye is cellulose fiber fabric dyeing of the most consumable dye, but as a result of hydrolysis to two utilization rate is not high is still one of the main faults. Adsorption in the fiber on the hydrolysis dye easy form floating color, the serious influence dyeing product color fastness. Reduction wash and soaping is necessary for polyester dyed by Dispersal dyes and cotton by Reactive dyes, the process of which requires a great quantity of water, energy, time and chemical materials.In addition, used as reductant, the sodium hydrosulfite not only has many problems in transport, storage and security but is also one of the major sources of the pollution. It is more and more valued to develop new type washing agent which is friendly to environment and works with less water, energy and cost.

Aiming at some of the reactive dye soap washing performances, which has much room to improve,this paper introduced Monomer with excellent properties to MA/AA copolymer, we designed and prepared the macromolecule compounds which own comb-like structures is P. Reaches indicated that the soaping effect of polymers is closely related with the lipophilic character of the third monomer. The better lipophilic character, the better soaping effect for reactive dyes. Due to the scour function of long-chain and flocculation function of macromolecule such compounds has a good soaping performance. As a monomer in the synthesis of reactive dye soaping agent, AMPS could enhance the adsorption capacity to impurity and the wrapping ability to dye particles.

After referring to numerous studies and application, we select some recognized surfactants and prominent macromolecule as the research object. The best synthetic method would be determined by orthogonal, and the structure of the material would be characterized by IR. The optimized conditions are defined as follows: m(MA):m(AA):m(AMPS)=6:9:4 (initiator)=5%,reaction at 75℃ for 8h. The removal of fabric floating color performance of the polymer is about 2.5 times to the general product. The performance of soaping of textiles is good. The soaping residual liquid absorbance value is a kind of 3 to 4 times. Wash soap anti staining properties with white fabric about 1 to 2 times to standard sample. The obtained three - element copolymer had good cleaning ability and strong anti - staining ability. The polymer has excellent biodegradability can be up to 90% of the natural degradation. It is a kind of environment friendly textile auxiliaries and demonstrate consistent with the goal of sparse structure by IR analysis. The synthetic method of this polymer is not only convenient, simple but also of high yield, and can reach over 85%.

Key words: copolymerization; soaping; dispersity; Reactive dye

目 录

摘 要 II

Abstract III

目 录 V

第一章 文 献 综 述 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 皂洗剂的介绍 2

1.3 活性染料染色的基本理论 2

1.4 本实验采用的方案及设计原理 4

第二章 实验部分 6

2.1 前言 6

2.2 实验药品 6

2.3 实验仪器 7

2.4 聚合物P（MA-AA-AMPS）的合成及皂洗性能测试 8

2.4.1 反应原理 8

2.4.2 聚合物反应的步骤 9

2.4.3 实验装置图 9

2.5 染色配方及工艺曲线 10

2.5.1 染色工艺曲线 11

2.6 聚合物表征与测试 11

2.6.1 聚合物的红外光谱分析 11

2.7 应用性能测试 11

2.7.1 皂洗残夜的吸光度测试 12

2.7.2 皂洗后棉织物K/S值及DE*值的测试 12

2.7.3 皂洗后棉织物干湿摩擦牢度的测试 12

2.7.4 防沾色性能的测试 13

第三章 结果与讨论 14

3.1 表征与测试 14

3.1.1 P（MA-AA-AMPS）红外谱图表征 14

3.1.2 凝胶渗透色谱测试 15

3.2 聚合物的比例及用量的确定 16

3.2.1 聚合物比例的确定 16

3.3 皂洗时间对皂洗效果的影响 20

3.4 皂洗温度对皂洗效果的影响 21

3.5 与市售产品的比较防沾色性能测试 22

第四章 结论与展望 24

4.1 结论 24

4.2 展望 25

参考文献 25

附 录 27

致 谢 29

第一章 文 献 综 述

1.1 引言

活性染料的分子结构简单，染料本身具有色谱齐全、色泽鲜艳、使用方便、成本较低的优点，顾名思义，活性染料含有活性基团，在染色时能与纤维发生化学反应，形成共价键，如此就致使织物得色量高，具有合适的色牢度，因此活性染料是我国使用最为广泛的一类染料。在印染行业中，活性染料广泛应用于纤维织物的染色和印花，但由于活性染料在上染固着的同时容易发生水解，而水解染料吸附在纤维织物上形成了浮色，致使染色产品的色牢度下降，因此，使用活性染料染色后的织物必须进行皂洗，有时还需要进一步进行固色处理。作为印染工艺的后处理助剂，皂洗剂在皂洗过程中起着很重要的作用。

在后处理过程中，皂洗剂会与染料发生化学作用，洗去与纤维结合不牢的活性染料并脱去印花糊料，还要使脱除的染料不回沾到布面上，以提高色牢度和防止印花织物白地沾色。

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