论文总字数：20738字

摘 要

近年来水体污染越来越严重，磷和氟作为典型的阴离子污染物受到了广泛关注。如何高效的去除水体中的磷和氟使其达标成为了关键。吸附法以其工艺简单，条件易控制，运行可靠的优势而被广泛采用。本文以大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂（D201)作为载体，选择对磷有吸附选择性的钛氧化物和对氟有吸附选择性的锆氧化物进行负载，结合二者的优点，制备出新型钛锆复合吸附材料。通过在不同实验条件下测定（时间、温度、pH值以及竞争离子）对磷和氟的吸附效果，推测其应用前景。实验表明，制备出的新型钛锆复合吸附材料相对于对D201来说对治理磷和氟的微污染有着明显的效果，相较而言除磷效率比除氟效率高。在本实验条件下，在pH为7-8时除磷效率最高，达到93.63%，最大吸附量为18.73 mg/g；而在pH为2-3时除氟效率最高，达到74.99%，最大吸附量为22.50 mg/g。动力学实验表明：树脂基钛锆氧化物和D201对磷的吸附平衡时间分别为470 min和344 min，对氟的吸附平衡时间分别为196 min和154 min。竞争离子实验表明树脂基钛锆氧化物对竞争离子有着一定的抗干扰性，且在除磷时表现的尤为明显。

关键词： 树脂 吸附 钛氧化物 锆氧化物

Abstract

In recent years, water pollution has become more and more serious, phosphorus and fluoride as typical anion pollutants has been widely concerned. It's the key that How to effectively remove phosphorus and fluoride in the water.Adsorption method is widely used for its simple process, easy control and reliable operation. This paper is through macroporous strong basic anion exchange resin as a carrier, selection of phosphorus adsorption specificity of titanium oxide and fluorine with zirconium oxide adsorption specificity of load, the combination of the two advantages, prepared new titanium zirconium composite adsorption material. Then through the study of its characterization and time, temperature, pH, as well as the competitive ion of phosphorus and fluoride removal performance research, speculated that its application prospects. The experimental results show that the new type of titanium zirconium composite adsorption material is more obvious than the pure resin treatment of phosphorus and fluorine pollution, and the phosphorus removal efficiency is higher than that of the fluoride removal efficiency.Under the experimental conditions, the phosphorus removal efficiency was the highest when pH was 7-8, the maximum removal efficiency was 93.63%, the maximum adsorption capacity was 22.50mg/g.and the fluorine removal efficiency was the highest removal efficiency when pH was 2-3,the maximum removal efficiency was 74.99% ,the maximum adsorption capacity was 22.50mg/g. The kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of the phosphorus were 344min and 470min respectively. The adsorption equilibrium time of the resin was 196 min and 154 min respectively. Competitive ion experiments show that the resin based titanium zirconium oxide has a certain anti interference to the competitive ion, and the performance of the phosphorus removal is particularly obvious.

Key Words: resin; adsorb; titanic oxide;zirconium oxide

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2水体磷和氟的来源及污染现状 1

1.2.1磷的来源及污染现状 1

1.2.2氟的来源及污染现状 2

1.3水中磷和氟的处理研究进展 2

1.3.1水中磷的主要处理方法 2

1.3.2水中氟的主要处理方法 3

1.4金属氧化物复合材料吸附除磷和氟的研究进展 4

1.5研究目的和意义 5

第二章 实验部分 6

2.1实验试剂与仪器 6

2.2树脂基钛锆氧化物的制备 6

2.3模拟废水及其他溶液配制 7

2.3.1含磷含氟废水的配制 7

2.3.2其他溶液的配制 7

2.4实验方法 8

2.4.1 pH值的影响 8

2.4.2吸附等温线 8

2.4.3动力学实验 8

2.4.4竞争离子的影响 8

2.5分析方法 8

2.5.1 P浓度的测定 8

2.5.2 F浓度的测定 9

2.5.3 表征分析方法 9

2.5.3吸附性能评价方法 10

第三章 实验结果与分析 11

3.1树脂基钛锆氧化物的表征 11

3.2 pH值的影响 12

3.3吸附等温线 13

3.4动力学实验 16

3.5竞争离子的影响 19

第四章 结论与展望 22

4.1结论 22

4.2展望 22

参考文献 24

致谢 26

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景

氟和磷都是地壳中的常见元素，与砷等污染物一样，都是水体中典型的阴离子污染物。水体磷污染和氟污染及其控制被广泛关注。

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