论文总字数：30687字

摘 要

本论文选用玉米芯作为原材料，采用限氧持续升温法，分别在300和600℃条件下，热解制备两种生物质炭（YM300和YM600），分析其产率、元素含量以及pH。试验以土霉素作为目标污染物，研究生物质炭对土霉素在水溶液中的吸附作用。本文旨在探索农业废弃物资源化利用的途径，以及水体中微量抗生素是去除方法，来解释生物质炭吸附土霉素的机理和影响因素，为生物质炭去除土霉素提供基础数据。当前论文主要得出以下实验结论：

1. 玉米芯生物质炭的热解过程中，随着热解温度的升高，H/C比不断降低证明了玉米芯生物质炭的制备过程是增强芳香化程度，减弱极性和亲水性的过程；生物质炭的C元素含量增大，pH值在向碱性方向偏移，而产率减小。
2. 土霉素在生物质炭上的吸附经历三个阶段：快速吸附，慢速吸附和达到平衡吸附，平衡时间和吸附量可以很好地用伪二级动力学方程模拟；等温吸附过程可以很好地用Langmuir方程进行拟合。生物质炭对土霉素的吸附过程是自发进行的混乱都增加的吸热反应，吸附等温线均为非线性。
3. 当pH=3时，吸附效果较好，其次为pH=6时，当pHgt;6时，生物质炭对土霉素的吸附量逐渐下降，且较高温度下制备的生物质炭下降效果更明显。生物质炭对土霉素的主要吸附机制可能为偶极键力和氢键作用。
4. K 对生物质炭吸附土霉素具有抑制作用，K 浓度增大，吸附量缓慢下降；Al³ 对该吸附过程的影响强于K ；Cu² 对生物质吸附土霉素有促进作用。Cd² 、Ca² 、和Zn² 对生物质炭对土霉素的吸附均具有促进作用，但是促进作用不如Cu² 。

关键词：玉米芯 生物质炭 土霉素 吸附

Adsorption of Oxytetracycline by Biochar

Abstract

In this dissertation, corncobs were selected as raw materials, and two kinds of biomass carbons (YM300 and YM600) were pyrolyzed at 300 and 600 °C, respectively, using the oxygen-limited continuous heating method.Ratio of biochar material was calculated. Elemental analysis was performed with elemental analyzer. pH was also analyzed.The test uses oxytetracycline as the target pollutant and postgraduate material carbon to adsorb oxytetracycline in aqueous solution. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways to utilize agricultural wastes and to remove trace antibiotic in water bodies as a method to explain the mechanism and influencing factors of the adsorption of oxytetracycline by biochar. Results were as the following:

1. During the pyrolysis of corncob biomass charcoal, as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the H/C ratio decreased. It suggested that aromatization degree increased and the polarity decreased. pH value of biochars increased with temperature. Ratio of biochar/raw material decreased with temperature.

(2) Adsorption of oxytetracycline on biochar included three stages: rapid adsorption, slow adsorption and equilibrium adsorption. Equilibrium time and adsorption capacity could be well simulated by pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. The adsorption data could be well fitted with Langmuir equation.

(3)The adsorption effect is better at pH3 , followed by pH6. When pHgt;6, the adsorption of oxytetracycline by biochar is gradually decreased. The negative effect was more obvious with the case of the biochar prepared at higher temperature. The main adsorption mechanism of biochar on oxytetracycline may be attributed to dipolar and hydrogen bonding.

(4) K had a slight inhibitory effect on the adsorption of oxytetracycline by biochar .With the increase of K concentration, the adsorption amount decreased. Al³ had a stronger influence on the adsorption process than K . Cu² has a promotion effect on the adsorption of oxytetracycline by biochar. Cd² , Ca² , and Zn² all promoted the adsorption of oxytetracycline by the biochar, but the promotion effect was far less than that of Cu² .

Key words: Corncobs; Biochar; Oxytetracycline; Adsorption

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1土霉素研究进展 1

1.1.1土霉素简介 1

1.1.2 去除土霉素的方法 2

1.2生物质炭研究进展 3

1.2.1生物质炭介绍 3

1.2.2生物质炭去除有机物的发展 4

1.3玉米芯废弃物研究概况 5

1.3.1玉米芯基本信息 5

1.3.2玉米芯废弃物利用现状 5

1.4研究目的与内容 6

1.4.1研究的目的与意义 6

1.4.2研究内容和技术路线 6

第二章 玉米芯生物质炭的制备与性质表征 8

2.1前言 8

2.2材料与方法 8

2.2.1供试材料与仪器设备 8

2.2.2生物质炭制备方法 9

2.2.3玉米芯生物质炭的产率、pH及C、H和N元素含量 9

2.3结果与讨论 10

2.3.1产率分析 10

2.3.2 pH分析 10

2.3.3元素分析 10

2.4小结 11

第三章 生物质炭对土霉素吸附机理分析 12

3.1前言 12

3.2材料与方法 12

3.2.1供试材料与仪器设备 12

3.2.2 试验方法 12

3.2.3数据处理与模型公式 13

3.3结果与讨论 16

3.3.1不同初始浓度下的吸附 16

3.3.2吸附等温线 16

3.3.3吸附热力学 19

3.3.4吸附动力学 21

3.4本章小结 23

第四章 其他理化因素影响实验机理分析 25

4.1前言 25

4.2材料与方法 25

4.2.1供试材料与仪器设备 25

4.2.2 试验方法 25

4.3结果与讨论 26

4.3.1溶液pH的影响 26

4.3.2金属阳离子类型对吸附的影响 27

4.4本章小结 29

第五章 结论与展望 30

5.1研究结论 30

5.1.1玉米芯生物质炭的制备和性质表征 30

5.1.2其他理化因素影响实验机理分析 30

5.2研究的不足之处及展望 30

5.2.1不足之处 30

5.2.2展望 31

参考文献 32

致谢 37

第一章 绪论

1.1土霉素研究进展

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