论文总字数：15497字

摘 要

由于二氧化硫污染对社会、对人类的危害越来越严重，国内很多公司针对二氧化硫尾气的排放问题做出了相应的脱除措施。本文以NaOH和Na₂SO₃作为吸收液，在内径90mm，高度835mm的填料塔内进行二氧化硫的脱除实验，探索了不同喷淋量下填料层压降与气速关系，考察了碱性溶液的初始浓度、液气比、气体流量、进气口二氧化硫浓度、时间以及pH对二氧化硫脱除率的影响。通过以5%NaOH为吸收液做液泛实验，得出当气体流量为1~4m3/h，无论怎样增大液体流量，填料塔内压力差最高达200mm，不产生液泛，宜进行实验压降高于1000mm时，液泛越来越明显；并得出该二氧化硫脱除系统最佳适宜操作条件：液气比为50L/m³、吸收时间在1h内、气体流量1m³/h、进气口二氧化硫浓度400ppm；NaOH浓度为0.5mol/L、pH为13.6左右，Na₂CO₃浓度0.3mol/L、PH为8~10时， 脱硫效果最佳。

关键词：氢氧化钠 碳酸钠 填料塔 脱硫效率

Engineering experiment of sulfur dioxide absorption by alkali

Abstract

Due to the increasingly serious harm of sulfur dioxide pollution to society and  human beings, many domestic companies have made corresponding measures to remove the emission of sulfur dioxide tail gas.Based on sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate as absorbing liquid in the inner diameter of 90 mm, 835 mm packing tower of sulfur dioxide removal experiments, explore the packing layer under different spray quantity relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity, initial concentration of alkaline solution is examined, liquid gas ratio, gas flow rate and gas inlet sulfur dioxide concentration, time and pH of the influence of sulfur dioxide removal rate.According to the experimental results, the more obvious the liquid flooding effect is, the greater the pressure drop will be. By using 5% sodium hydroxide as the absorption liquid to do the liquid flooding experiment, it is concluded that when the gas flow rate is 1 to 4 cubic meters per hour, no matter how to increase the liquid flow rate, the pressure difference in the packed tower is up to 20 mm, no liquid flooding is generated, it is appropriate to carry out the experiment when the pressure drop is higher than 1000 mm, the liquid flooding becomes more and more obvious.The optimal operating conditions of the sulfur dioxide removal system are as follows: the liquid-gas ratio is 50 liters per cubic meter, the absorption time is within 1 hours, the gas flow is 1 cubic meter per hour, and the intake concentration of sulfur dioxide is 400ppm. When the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.5 mol/L, pH was 13.6, and the concentration of sodium carbonate was 0.3 mol/L, PH was 8~10, the desulfurization effect was the best.

Keywords: Sodium hydroxide; Sodium carbonate; Packed tower; The desulfurization efficiency

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1. 1背景 1

1.2国内外相关研究进展 1

1.2.1吸收液的种类对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 2

1.2.2吸收条件对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 3

1.2.3吸收设备对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 4

1.3研究目的与意义 4

1.4研究内容 5

第二章 实验设备及流程 6

2.1实验设备与试剂 6

2.2实验装置 6

2.3实验流程与步骤 7

2.3.1实验流程 7

2.3.2实验步骤 8

第三章 影响脱硫率的因素 10

3.1液泛现象 10

3.2吸收液pH随时间的变化 11

3.3吸收液初始浓度对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 12

3.4液气比对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 13

3.5气体流量对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 14

3.6进气口二氧化硫浓度对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 15

3.7吸收时间对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 16

3.8 pH对二氧化硫脱除率的影响 17

第四章 总结与展望 20

参考文献 21

致谢 23

第一章 绪论

1背景

针对脱除二氧化硫的方法有很多，最简单的是水吸收二氧化硫。这种方法属于物理吸收法，是利用气液平衡，也可以说是利用水与二氧化硫的溶解性进行吸收的一种方法；对于水吸收二氧化硫，双模理论很好的解释了这一过程。

二氧化硫在水中的溶解度较低，脱硫效率不是很高^[1]。统计表明，目前大概有20%的工程实验采用水吸收二氧化硫，50%采用碱吸收二氧化硫^[2]。

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