内河危险品船舶船员适任标准探讨毕业论文
2021-03-19 21:57:06
摘 要
随着内河沿岸经济的发展,危险品船舶在内河航运事业中扮演着越来越重要的角色,但随之而来的是危险品船舶事故数量的提高。船员适任作为影响船舶航行安全的“人”要素,在当前的内河危险品船舶和环境这两大要素短期内难以解决的前提下,探讨适合我国现状的危险品船舶船员适任标准,有利于提高危险品船舶船员适任能力,减少内河危险品船舶事故。
本文通过使用层次分析法,得到了内河危险品船舶船员适任评价指标体系,其中包括教育培训、资历经验、身心素质、工作能力和工作态度五个二级指标因素,通过问卷调查收集相关数据,经过计算得到五个二级指标对内河危险品船舶船员适任性的影响权重分别是0.1、0.25、0.1、0.4和0.15,认为危险品船员的工作能力对内河危险品船舶船员适任性影响最大。目前国内尚无内河危险品船员适任标准的研究,本文对内河危险品船员适任性进行了量化分析。结合当前我国内河危险品船舶船员适任标准存在着针对性不明确,忽视实操培训以及特殊培训等问题,提出了增加内河危险品船舶船员相关适任证书实习期以及增加特殊培训时长等建议。
关键词:危险品船舶;船员适任;层次分析法
Abstract
With the development of economy along the river, dangerous goods ships play an increasingly important role in the inland waterway business, and the increasing concern about the safety of dangerous goods ships is increasing.Crew competency as affecting the safety of navigation 'people' element,and it is helpful to improve the suitability of the crew of the dangerous goods vessel and improve the competent capacity of the dangerous goods vessel to reduce the inland dangerous goods ship under the premise that the two major elements of the dangerous river ship and the environment are difficult to solve in the short term.
In this paper, the AHP method is used to obtain the evaluation index system of the crew of the river dangerous goods, including education and training, qualification experience, physical and mental quality, work ability and work attitude of the five secondary aspects,through the questionnaire survey to collect relevant data, calculated by the five secondary indicators on the river dangerous goods ship crew suitability of the impact of the weight were 0.1,0.25,0.1,0.4 and 0.15, that the ability to work on dangerous goods inland ship crew competency wayward greatest impact.At present, there is no research on the suitability standard of the inland river dangerous goods crew, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the suitability of the river dangerous goods crew. This paper puts forward some suggestions on how to increase the internship certificate of the crew of the river dangerous goods vessel and increase the special training time, and so on, which is concerned with the lack of clarity, neglect of practical training and special training.
Key Words:Dangerous goods ship, crew Competence, analytic hierarchy process
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究的目的及意义 1
1.2国内外船员适任研究现状 1
1.2.1国内的船员适任研究现状 1
1.2.2国外船员适任研究现状 2
1.3本文的研究内容和方法 3
第2章 国内外内河危险品船舶船员适任标准现状 4
2.1欧洲的内河危险品船舶船员适任标准现状 4
2.2我国的内河危险品船舶船员适任标准现状 5
2.2.1《内河船舶船员基本安全培训合格证》获取条件 6
2.2.2《内河1000总吨及以上油船船员特殊培训合格证》获取条件 7
2.2.3内河危险品船舶船员水上服务资历要求 7
2.2.4内河危险品船舶驾驶员适任考试要求 8
第3章 我国的内河危险品船舶船员适任指标因素权重确定 9
3.1 事故致因理论 9
3.2船员适任性综合评价体系 9
3.2.1指标因素的确定 10
3.2.2数据的收集与权重 12
第4章 对策及建议 15
4.1研究结果分析 15
4.2提升内河危险品船舶船员适任能力 15
4.2.1提升内河危险品船员工作能力 15
4.2.2加强内河危险品船员水上服务资历审核 16
4.2.3秉持正确的工作态度 16
4.2.4提升内河危险品船员身心素质 16
第5章 结论 18
参考文献 19
致谢 21
第1章 绪论
1.1研究的目的及意义
危险品船舶是指装运危险品货物的船舶,一般来说包括油船、液化气船和化学品船。而危险货物是指具有燃烧、爆炸、腐蚀、毒害、放射性等性质,在运输或装卸过程中极易因处理不当而造成人员伤亡和财产损失的物品。危险品船的载运货物特性要求船员具有更高的专业技能素质和业务能力,以最大程度的减小事故发生率,并且要求能在事故发生后妥善处理以减少人员伤亡和财产损失。危险品船舶所载运的货物对于内河沿江经济带的发展具有重要意义,相比于其他的运输方式而言水运具有高运量、低运价的优势,在未来的很长一段时间内,内河危险品船舶仍会是内陆危险品运输的骨干力量。
危险品船舶船员作为人-机-环境系统的三个重要组成部分之一,其适任能力高低直接与内河危险品船舶的航行安全挂钩,事实上在国际海事界看来,因为人为的失误或者疏忽而导致的船舶事故占所有的海事事故的80%以上。实际上不只是海上事故,内河的船舶事故也遵循着相关的规律。去年一年中,上海吴淞局管辖水域段共发生船舶事故24起,其中超过九成是因为人为的疏忽或者是失误而造成的。