论文总字数：19348字

摘 要

在酸性体系中，过硫酸铵(APS)作为体系的氧化剂、苯胺(ANI)作为单体，应用原位聚合法分别在高压和常压下通过冰浴的方法在碳纸上生长聚苯胺(PANI)。研究了聚苯胺的产率受到不同浓度的APS和ANI而产生的影响。利用光学显微镜观察不同倍率下的碳纸和有聚苯胺修饰的碳纸的表面形貌。通过循环伏安法(CV)分别测试碳纸电极、生长有PANI的复合材料电极和由它们共同组成的PANI/C混合型超级电容器的电化学活性和储能特性。结果表面，在APS浓度不变的情况下，随着ANI浓度的升高，苯胺转化率同样渐渐升高，比容量变大到某一极大值的时候开始减小。当ANI浓度不变时，在ANI与APS的比慢慢变大的情况下，苯胺转化率同样是渐渐变大的，当ANI与APS比为1：1时能够极大地提高苯胺的转化率，达88.5%。在显微镜的观察下，PANI是一种绿色物质，它生长在碳纸表面。不论碳纸电极还是生长有PANI的碳纸复合材料电极亦或是两种材料共同组成的PANI/C混合型超级电容器，当其扫描速率为5mV/s时，容量保持率最大，随着扫描速率增大，容量保持率逐渐降低。PANI/C非对称型超级电容器的CV曲线相比于纯碳纸电极和生长有PANI的碳纸电极更接近理想的矩形。

关键词：超级电容器 聚苯胺 复合材料 比电容

Study on the Performance of PANI/C Asymmetric Supercapacitor

Abstract

In the acidic system, polyaniline (PANI) was grown on carbon paper under high pressure and atmospheric pressure by in-situ polymerization process using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant and aniline (ANI) as monomer. The effects of different aniline concentration and ammonium persulfate concentration on the conversion of aniline were studied. The surface morphology of carbon paper and carbon paper modified with polyaniline at different magnification was observed using an optical microscope. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to test the electrochemical activity and energy storage characteristics of carbon electrode, polyaniline composite electrodes and their common composition, which called PANI/C asymmetric supercapacitors. As a result, when the concentration of ammonium persulfate was constant, the anion conversion rate gradually increased with the increase of the aniline concentration, and the specific capacity began to decrease gradually when the specific capacity increased to a certain maximum. When the aniline concentration was constant, with the aniline and ammonium persulfate ratio increased gradually, aniline conversion rate gradually increased as well. when n(aniline)：n (ammonium persulfate) =1: 1 ,it could greatly improve the conversion rate of aniline, up to 88.5%. Under the microscope, polyaniline was a green polymer that grew on the surface of carbon paper. When the scanning rate was 5 mV / s, the capacity retention rate was the largest, and the capacity retention rate gradually decreased as the scanning rate increased. The cyclic voltammetry curve of PANI/C asymmetric supercapacitors is closer to the ideal rectangle than pure carbon electrodes and PANI electrodes.

Key Words: Supercapacitor; Polyaniline; Composites; Specific capacitance

目 录

摘要··················································································I

Abstract·············································································II

第一章 绪论·········································································1

1.1背景············································································1

1.2对称型超级电容器·······························································1

1.2.1 碳电极····································································1

1.2.2 聚苯胺电极·······························································2

1.3非对称型超级电容器····························································3

1.4展望············································································3

第二章 实验原理···································································4

2.1双电层电容器原理·······························································4

2.2法拉第准电容器原理····························································4

第三章 实验试剂及仪器···························································5

第四章 实验方法及步骤···························································6

4.1 高压下制备PANI电极··························································6

4.2 常压下制备PANI电极··························································7

4.3 光学显微镜观察碳纸和生长有PANI的碳纸的表面形貌··························8

4.4 纯PANI电极和纯碳纸电极的CV测试··········································9

4.5 PANI/C非对称型超级电容器的CV测试·········································9

第五章 实验结果及讨论分析·····················································11

5.1 碳纸和生长有PANI的碳纸的表面形貌分析····································11

5.2 苯胺浓度的影响·······························································12

5.3 过硫酸铵浓度的影响···························································13

5.4 碳纸电极的循环伏安特性······················································13

5.4.1 碳纸电极的循环伏安特性曲线············································13

5.4.2 碳纸电极的容量保持率··················································14

5.5 生长有PANI的碳纸复合材料电极的循环伏安特性·····························15

5.5.1生长有PANI的碳纸复合材料电极的循环伏安特性曲线····················15

5.5.2 生长有PANI的碳纸复合材料电极的容量保持率··························16

5.6 纯碳纸电极和聚苯胺修饰的复合材料电极的循环伏安特性曲线对比·············17

5.7 聚苯胺和碳混合型电容器的循环伏安特性······································18

5.7.1聚苯胺和碳混合型电容器的循环伏安特性曲线····························18

5.7.2 聚苯胺和碳混合型电容器的容量保持率···································19

第六章 结束语·····································································20

参考文献···········································································21

致谢·················································································23

1. 绪论

1.1 背景

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