论文总字数：16128字

摘 要

超级电容器因为其高功率密度、长使用寿命、快速充放电、高安全性等不可替代的优势在全球范围内受到专家学者的重视。超级电容器的电解质根据介质不同主要是四种:①凝胶电解质 ②水系电解液 ③有机电解液 ④固态电解质。本论文探究的是以水溶液为电解质的超级电容器中聚苯胺（PANI）的运用。PANI做超级电容器的电极材料时，主要靠PANI发生去掺杂的氧化还原反应来完成电能的储存，反应的时间很短并且可逆。我们首先在高压和常压的条件下使用化学原位聚合的方法以重氮化的碳纸为基板制备PANI，进一步研究制取导电性能较好的PANI的最佳实验条件。然后借助光学显微镜观察纯碳纸和重氮处理过后的碳纸分析PANI的形貌。最后通过循环伏安法(CV)测试长有PANI的纯碳纸和长有PANI的重氮化碳纸的电化学性。在介质为一摩尔每升的盐酸中，氧化剂为过硫酸铵[(NH₄)₂S₂O₈]，过硫酸铵[(NH₄)₂S₂O₈]和苯胺（C₆H₇N）的物质的量相等,冰浴法静置进行五个小时是制备PANI的最佳条件。PANI呈现墨绿色，以团聚的结构附着在碳纸的表面。扫描速度达5mV/s时，长有PANI的重氮化碳纸电极容量保持率达到最大值倍率性能最优，扫描速度和容量保持率呈负相关性。

关键词：超级电容器 ；聚苯胺 ；循环伏安曲线

Study on the application of Polyaniline in Waterborne Supercapacitor
                 Abstract

The experts and scholars in the global community pay attention to Supercapacitor for its high power density, long life, fast charge and discharge,high security and other irreplaceable advantages,. Super capacitor electrolyte according to the different media are four kinds: ① gel electrolyte ② water electrolysis ③ organic electrolyte ④ solid electrolyte. This paper explores the use of polyaniline (PANI) in supercapacitors with aqueous solutions as electrolytes. When PANI is the electrode material of the supercapacitor, the deduplication redox reaction occurs mainly by PANI to complete the storage of electric energy. The reaction time is short and reversible. Firstly, PANI is prepared by diazotized carbon paper using chemical in situ polymerization under high pressure and atmospheric pressure. Secondary,the optimum experimental conditions for the preparation of PANI with better conductivity are studied. Then the morphology of PANI is analyzed by observing pure carbon paper and carbon paper which is after diazo treatment with an optical microscope. Finally, through the electrochemical properties of PANI pure carbon paper and PANI diazotized carbon paper are tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The amount of the oxidizing agent is ammonium persulfate (APS), ammonium persulfate (APS) and aniline (ANI) in the presence of 1 mole per liter of hydrochloric acid, and the ice bath is allowed to stand for five hours for the preparation of PANI Optimal conditions. The PANI is dark green and is attached to the surface of the carbon paper in a reunited structure. When the scanning speed is 5mV / s, the capacity retention rate of the PANI diazotized carbon paper electrode has reached the maximum magnification, the performance are the best, scanning speed and capacity retention rate is Negative correlation.

Key words: super capacitor ; polyaniline; cyclic voltammetry curve

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………1

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………2

第一章 引言

1.1 超级电容器

1.1.1概述……………………………………………………………………5

1.1.2储能原理………………………………………………………………5

1.1.3特点……………………………………………………………………6

1.1.4电化学性能的影响因素………………………………………………6

1.1.5研究现状………………………………………………………………6

1.2聚苯胺

1.2.1发展史…………………………………………………………………7

1.2.2理化性质………………………………………………………………8

1.2.3合成 …………………………………………………………………10

1.2.4应用 …………………………………………………………………10

1.3研究思路和技术方法 ……………………………………………………11

1.4研究本课题的目的和意义 ………………………………………………12

第二章 实验

2.1实验室制备聚苯胺电极

2.1.1相关实验原理………………………………………………………12

2.1.2高压条件下制备PANI ……………………………………………13

2.1.3常压条件下制备PANI ……………………………………………14

2.2观察PANI 的形貌 ……………………………………………………14

2.3对长有PANI的碳纸进行C-V测试 …………………………………17

第三章 实验结果的分析

3.1 制备PANI的最佳实验条件 …………………………………………19

3.2 分析PANI的形貌 ……………………………………………………19

3.3 分析长有PANI碳纸电极的CV曲线 ………………………………19

第四章 展望 ……………………………………………………………19

参考文献

致谢

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：16128字