摘 要

近几年来，以染料敏化电池（Dye-sensitized solar cells）为代表的第三代太阳能电池出现在人们的视野中，因其制作方法简便、成本较低而受到广泛关注，从而发展迅速。而钙钛矿太阳能电池（Perovskite-based solar cells）又作为染料敏化太阳能电池中的生力军，在经过了短暂的发展过程后，得到了很高的光电转换效率，最高的已经到达了20%。这也被Science在2013年评为年度世界十大科技进步之一。

在钙钛矿太阳能电池中，致密层对光电效率提升十分明显，它可以被添加在FTO（氟掺杂氧化锡）导电玻璃和TiO₂多孔层之间，可以有效的抑制电子的复合，从而提升电池的表现。但在目前的文献中对钙钛矿太阳能电池致密层厚度的研究还不多，致密层厚度对电池效率的具体影响还不甚明了。在本文中，研究了前驱体溶液浓度和致密层厚度对光电效率的影响。通过改变前驱体溶液浓度和致密层的层数来达到改变致密层厚度的效果，采用旋涂法制备致密层，研究对电池效率的影响。通过一系列实验可以发现，不同厚度的致密层对电池效率影响很大，当厚度较薄时，致密层的阻挡效果不明显，电子逆传递发生复合导致效率降低，当厚度较厚时，由于致密层位于FTO和TiO₂多孔层之间，所以也会影响电子传递到FTO，导致效率降低。所以只有当致密层厚度在一个合适的范围内时才能两者兼顾，使效率达到最大。

关键词：钙钛矿；太阳能电池；致密层；电池效率

Abstract

In recent years, Dye-sensitized solar cells as a representative of the third generation solar cells appear in people's field of vision, Because of its production method is simple, low cost and widely attention, it has developed rapidly. And the perovskite solar cells as a new force in the dye-sensitised cells, after short development process, it gained a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, the highest has reached 20%. And it was named by “nature” as one of the world’s top ten scientific and technological progress in 2013.

In perovskite solar cells, the compact layer play an important role to power conversion efficiency, it can be added as a layer between FTO layer and TiO₂ nanoparticles layer, and can prevent the recombination of charges very effectively to develop the power conversion of cells. But in the current literature on perovskite solar cell compact layer thickness, there are few research and specific influence by compact layer thickness on the efficiency of the battery is still unclear. In this paper, we researched the influence to power conversion efficiency by precursor solution concentration and compact layer thickness. By changing the concentration of precursor solution and the layer number of compact layer to change the effect of dense layer thickness and using spin coating method prepared compact layer to research the effect to power conversion efficiency.Through a series of experiments, it can be found that the compact layer of the different thickness had a great influence on the battery efficiency.When the thickness is thinner, the blocking effect of compact layer is not obvious, inverse electron transfer in composite lead to lower efficiency, when the thickness is thicker, due to the dense layer located between TiO₂ nanoparticles layer and FTO layer, so it will affect the electron transfer to the FTO, resulting in reduced efficiency. So only when the compact layer thickness within the scope of a suitable to both, to achieve maximum efficiency.

Key Words：perovskite；solar cells；compact layer；power conversion efficiency

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 概述 1

1.2 太阳能电池的发展历史 1

1.3 本文的研究内容 2

第2章 钙钛矿太阳能电池 4

2.1 电池结构及电子传输机理 4

2.2 钙钛矿材料的制备方法 5

2.3 空穴传输层材料选择 6

2.4 致密层对电池效率的影响 7

2.4.1 致密层的工作原理 7

2.4.2 致密层的制备方法 7

2.5 性能参数 8

第3章 实验内容与测试 10

3.1 试剂与仪器 10

3.1.1 化学试剂 10

3.1.2 实验仪器 10

3.2 实验材料制备 10

3.3 电池器件制备 11

3.4 致密层对电池效率的影响 12

3.4.1 不同致密层层数对电池效率的影响 12

3.4.2 不同前驱体溶液浓度对电池效率的影响 14

3.4.3 不同转速旋涂致密层对电池效率的影响 19

3.4.4 采用TiCl₄修饰致密层对电池效率的影响 20

第4章 结论 22

参考文献 24

致 谢 27

第1章 绪论

1.1 概述

近几年来，全球能源危机和严重的环境污染问题已经逐渐影响到人们的日常生活，传统能源的匮乏使得太阳能和其他新型能源一起成为其替代能源或补充能源^[1]。太阳能电池因此得到人们的广泛关注，跟随着光伏产业的迅速发展，获得更高的光电转换效率的同时减少制作成本，前景一片光明。第三代太阳能电池以钙钛矿太阳能电池为代表，其产业正在蓬勃发展。

1.2 太阳能电池的发展历史