摘 要

21世纪是新能源蓬勃发展的世纪，而太阳能以其便于获得、总量巨大、清洁可再生等特点一直是人们关注的焦点，如何有效地利用太阳能是人们要长期研究的课题，其中的有效而备受期待的使用途径之一就是开发出一种高效的半导体光催化剂，然后将其用于催化分解水产生氢和氧再将氢能储存起来备用。而在诸多半导体光催化剂中，ZnGeON固溶体又有着禁带的宽度和位置较为合适、成本低廉、较稳定不易分解、环境友好等优点，具有相当的开发价值。而纳米材料由于其独特的结构特点产生了独特的性能特点，纳米半导体光催化材料便成为了一个十分有研究价值的领域。

本文使用熔盐离子交换法制取了ZnGeON纳米晶颗粒，该方法通过巧妙地调控加热温度与反应物、产物熔点之间的关系，使一部分反应物在熔融的液相下与另一部分固相的反应物进行离子交换，并挥发掉多余的过量反应物和副产物。该方法具有反应快速充分、生成的产物品相较纯等特点，十分具有投入使用的价值。

本文还使用电泳法制作了ZnGeON纳米晶薄膜，与其他的薄膜工艺相比，该方法具有装置结构和操作都较为简单方便，成膜快速均匀致密、方便调控等优点，可以广泛地运用于半导体制膜工艺中。

关键词：①光催化②半导体③Na₂ZnGeO₄固溶体④太阳能

Abstract

The 21st century is the century of thriving new energy, and solar energy with its accessible, total huge, clean and renewable characteristics has been the focus of attention, how to effectively use the solar energy is that people want to research topic for a long time, one of the effective and highly anticipated use one way is to develop a highly efficient semiconductor photocatalyst, and then use it for catalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen combine hydrogen stored for later use. In many semiconductor photocatalyst, ZnGeON solid solution and has the forbidden band width and the position is more appropriate, cheap, relatively stable not easy decomposition, and the advantages of environmental friendly, has considerable development value. Nanomaterials have unique properties due to their unique structural characteristics, and nanometer semiconductor photocatalytic materials have become a very valuable research field.

This article uses the molten salt ion exchange took ZnGeON nanocrystalline particles of legal system, the method through the clever control heating temperature and reactant, the relation between the melting point of the product, make part of reactant under the molten liquid phase and the other part of the solid phase reactant ion exchange, and evaporate excess excess reactants and byroducts. This method has the characteristics of fast and sufficient reaction, and the products produced are more valuable than pure products.

This paper also used electrophoresis legal ZnGeON nanocrystalline thin film, compared with other membrane process, the method has the device structure and the operation is relatively simple and convenient, uniform filmorming fast and convenient control, can be widely used in the semiconductor film process.

Key Words：①photocatalytic ②semiconductor ③Na₂ZnGeO₄ Solid solution ④The solar energy

目录

摘要 2

Abstract 3

第一章 绪论 3

太阳能的利用 3

1.2光催化技术 4

1.3光催化技术的发展历程 5

1.4光催化分解水的原理 6

1.5熔盐离子交换法制备纳米晶颗粒与电泳法制备纳米晶薄膜 7

1.6 前人在本文所研究的可参考的工作 8

1.7 本文的工作内容 8

参考文献 9

第二章 实验材料和表征方法 11

2.1 实验所用的实验试剂 11

2.2 实验仪器 11

2.2.1 该课题所需主要仪器、设备等见表 11

2.2.2 重要的仪器及其原理 11

2.3 材料表征方法 12

2.3.1 X-射线衍射（XRD） 12

2.3.3 光电流密度曲线 13

参考文献 13

第三章 熔盐离子交换法制备ZnGeON纳米晶颗粒与电泳法制备纳米晶薄膜 14

3.1 制备前驱体Na₂ZnGeO₄ 14

3.2 制备ZnGeON纳米晶颗粒 14

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