摘 要

现如今，科技发展日新月异，其对生产加工产品的耐用性，实用性，精密度的要求越来越高。对于小批生产的单件的微小零件需求越来越大，传统普通的数控铣床已越来越不能满足，社会发展对零件微小化，高精度化，多元化的要求。并且普通传统机床加工微小零件其精度低，生产成本高，效率低浪费严重。因此为了满足社会发展对机械产品的需求，微小精密数控铣床运用而生。为实现结构复杂体积微小零件的精密加工，本文主要着眼于微小型三轴数控机床的设计在大量技术资料的搜集与查阅国内外研究状况，依据机床设计原则及要求自主设计一台微小型铣床。其主要研究内容如下：

（1）查阅大量资料，详细总结了国内外微型机械加工与微小精密数控机床研究技术的发展状况，并且对其进行归纳总结；

（2）确立机床的结构，总体布局，之后对其机床结构零部件进行计算设计。

（3）对机床整体进行三维建模并生成二维图纸。

关键词：微型精密 机床 结构设计

Ultra-precision machining machine

structure design

Abstract

Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the durability, practicality and precision of the processed products are required to be higher and higher. For small batch production of single small parts of the growing demand, the traditional ordinary CNC milling machine has been more and more can not meet the social development of parts of the miniaturization, high precision, diversification requirements. In addition, ordinary traditional machine tools have low precision, high production cost, low efficiency and serious waste in processing tiny parts. Therefore in order to meet the needs of the development of mechanical products to meet the needs of society, the use of micro-precision CNC milling machine. In order to realize the precision machining of small parts with complex structure and volume, this paper mainly focuses on the design of micro and small three-axis CNC machine tool. Based on the collection of a large number of technical data and the research status at home and abroad, a micro and small milling machine is designed independently according to the design principles and requirements of the machine tool. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) after consulting a large amount of data, the development status of domestic and foreign research technologies on micro-machining and micro-precision CNC machine tools is summarized in detail, and the development status is summarized.

(2) establish the structure and overall layout of the machine tool, and then calculate and design the structural parts of the machine tool.

(3) conduct three-dimensional modeling of the whole machine tool and generate two-dimensional drawings.

Keywords: Micro precision; machine tool; structure design

目录

超精密加工机床结构设计 I

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第 一 章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1国外现状 2

1.2.2国内现状 4

1.3 目前存在的问题与课题主要内容 5

第 二 章 铣床理论与布局选择 7

2.1 数控铣床工作原理 7

2.2 数控铣床的结构以及总体布局 7

2.3数控机床结构布局选择 7

第 三 章 机床滚柱丝杠与导轨的设计 9

3.1滚柱丝杠的设计选型 9

3.2 导轨与滑块计算选型 15

第 四 章 驱动部件与联轴器的设计 18

4.1 电主轴设计选型 18

4.2 伺服电机选型 19

4.3 联轴器选型 22

第 五 章 经济性分析 25

第 六 章 总结 26

参考文献 28

致谢 29

第 一 章 绪论

1.1 课题研究的背景及意义

超精密加工作为一种新型的加工技术，迄今为止其取得了重大的科学成果，在如今随着社会信息化的进一步深入发展，各领域的联系日趋紧密，超精密加工不再是脱离其他工艺而独立存在的加工方法，而成为一项包罗万象的系统的科学的具有前瞻性的工程。