论文总字数：26184字

摘 要

耐热钢作为制造锅炉、汽轮机、动力机械、工业炉和航空、石油化工等工业部门中常用重要的材料之一，对于生产具有重要作用，其高温下的工作性能影响着整个生产流程的安全性和稳定性。耐热钢在高温的状态下服役，其内部组织在时间服役后会发生演变或者损伤，如：固溶体中合金元素的贫化、珠光体球化、石墨化等，当损伤到达一定程度会降低材料的强度以及性能的下降。高温腐蚀以及回火脆现象也是对耐热钢危害性较大的一种损伤形式。因此，研究耐热钢高温下组织演变及损伤就显得至关重要。

本课题首先对耐热钢的高温力学以及耐腐蚀性能进行了归纳，其次总结了耐热钢的分类以及性能特点，并对其换重整反应器的材料——10CrMo910钢服役15万小时后的材料进行金相组织分析以及扫描电镜的微观观察。通过以上分析得出在高温条件下服役对耐热钢组织演变以及损伤的影响。

关键词：耐热钢 组织演变 损伤 10CrMo910钢

Microstructure evolution and the damage of ex-service heat-resistant steel under high temperature conditions

Abstract

As for manufacturing boilers, turbines, power machinery, industrial furnace and aviation, petrochemical and other industrial sectors, heat-resistant steel is one of the important materials used for the production ,which has an important role in the performance of their work under high temperature affects the security of the entire production process and stability.

Heat-resistant steel at high temperatures in service, its microstructure evolution and damage will occur with the service time, such as: the depletion of the alloying elements in solid solution, the spheroidization of pearlite, graphitization etc. When the damage reaches a certain level, the strength and performance of the material will be reduced and degradated. High temperature corrosion and temper embrittlement are also the form of damage for the heat-resistant steel. Therefore, it is critical for studying the microstructure evolution and damage for the heat-resistance steel under high temperature.

The high temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistant for heat –resistance steels are firstly summarized in this paper. Secondly, the classification and performance characteristics of the heat-resistant steels are summarized. Finally, the microstructures are analyzed for 10CrMo910 steel which was used to fabricate to the conversion reforming reactor and had served for about 150,000 hours under the high temperature by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Through the above analysis, it is concluded that that the high temperature has an effect on the microstructure evolution and damage for the heat –resistance steels

Key words: Heat-resistant steel; Microstructure evolution; Damage; 10CrMo910 steel

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 前言 1

1.2耐热钢的高温力学性能 1

1.2.1 抗蠕变性能 1

1.2.2 耐热钢的持久性能 1

1.2.3 疲劳性能 2

1.2.4 松弛性能 3

1.3 耐热钢的高温腐蚀性能 3

1.3.1 抗高温氧化 4

1.3.2 抗高温硫化 5

1.3.2 抗高温氮化 5

1.3.3 抗高温碳化 5

1.3.4 抗高温硫化 5

1.3.5 抗氢腐蚀 5

1.3.2 抗热腐蚀 6

1.4 本章小结 7

第二章 耐热钢的类型及选用原则 8

2.1 耐热钢的分类 8

2.1.1 珠光体钢 8

2.1.2 马氏体型耐热钢 10

2.1.3 铁素体型耐热钢 11

2.1.4 奥氏体型耐热钢 12

2.2 本章小结 14

第三章 耐热钢在高温条件下服役发生的组织演变及损伤 17

3.1 前言 17

3.2耐热钢在高温条件下服役发生常见的组织变化 17

3.2.1固溶体中合金元素的贫化 17

3.2.2珠光体球化 18

3.2.3石墨化 19

3.3高温条件下耐热钢的组织损伤 20

3.3.1蠕变 20

3.3.2钢的脆化 23

3.4本章小结 25

第四章 10CrMo910钢服役10万小时后组织的演变及损伤 26

4.1 前言 26

4.2 试验方法 27

4.3 讨论及分析 30

4.3.1 显微组织和形貌特征 33

4.3.2能谱分析 33

4.4 本章小结 35

第五章 结论与展望 36

5.1 结论 36

5.2 展望 36

参考文献 37

致谢 39

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