论文总字数：23096字

摘 要

球罐是一种重要的储存容器，具有承压好、表面积小、占地少的优点，近几十年来球罐技术在国内外得到迅速发展，已在石油、化工、医药、生物和冶金等行业得到广泛应用。工业上丁烷可用作燃料、溶剂、致冷剂、有机合成原料,它主要通过油田轻烃精馏得到，具有易燃易爆的特点并伴随有刺激性气味。

论文进行1800m³大型丁烷球罐的设计，根据球罐的容积再结合GB12337-2014《钢制球形储罐》，确定采用三带混合式球罐；按要求对球壳赤道带选取16块和18块分别对球壳进行排版计算，综合考虑球壳焊缝要求以及球壳互换性要求最终选取16块的赤道带并对极板、极中板、极侧板的尺寸进行了详细计算；接着，便是球罐附件设计，焊接坡口选用不对称X形，支柱选用单段式支柱，拉杆选用可调式拉杆，人孔和接管按照设计压力以及介质做出了相应的选择；之后，便是对球壳本体以及各连接件进行sw6强度校核；最后，进行球罐附件设计，球罐的梯子平台上部采用螺线盘梯下部采用斜梯，喷淋冷却系统根据隔热用和消防用分别做出了两套喷淋系统，对于隔热设施选用聚氨基甲酸乙酯做保温层，液面计选用直接性较好的玻璃板式液面计，压力表示数范围选择最大压力是工作压力1.5倍的压力表，安全阀选用弹簧全启封闭式安全阀。

最后，论文从材料、加工、设备的成本以及人员工资所需工程安装费用进行了工程项目经济评估,评估表明该设备运营13年之后可收回成本。

关键词：球罐 结构设计 强度校核 经济评估

Abstract

The spherical tank is a kind of important storage containers. It has some advantages like uniform internal force, small surface area and little occupation. In recent decades, the sphere technology has been developed rapidly both at home and abroad. It has been widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, biological and metallurgical industries. Butane can be used as fuel, solvent, refrigerant and organic synthesis material in industry. It is mainly obtained by rectification of light hydrocarbons in oil field. It has the characteristics of flammable and explosive, accompanied by pungent odor.

The 1800m³ large butane spherical tank has been designed, according to the volume of the ball tank combined with GB12337-2014 "steel spherical storage tank" to determine the use of three mixed spherical tank. According to the requirements of the spherical and equatorial belt ,selected 16 and 18 respectively on the spherical shell layout calculation, taking into account the spherical shell weld requirements and spherical shell interchangeability requirements of the final selection of 16 of the equatorial belt and the plate, the size of the side panels are calculated in detail. Then, it is the spherical tank’s attachment design, welding groove selection of asymmetric X-shaped, pillar selection of single-stage pillars, pull rod selection adjustable rod, manhole and take over in accordance with the design pressure and the media to make the appropriate choice. After that, it is the spherical shell body and the connection of the strength of the check. Finally, the spherical tank attachment design, the ball ladder platform on the upper part of the lower side of the spiral ladder Pouring cooling system according to the use of heat and fire were made with two sets of sprinkler system, for the insulation facilities used polyurethane insulation layer, liquid level selection of good directness of the glass plate level gauge, pressure Indicating the number of range to choose the maximum pressure is 1.5 lagarer the working pressure of the pressure gauge, safety valve selection spring full closed closed safety valve.

Finally, the paper undertook the economic evaluation of the project from the cost of materials, processing, equipment and the cost of staffing required for staff salaries. The evaluation showed that the equipment could be recovered after 13 years.

Keywords: Spherical tank Structural design Strength check Economic assessment

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题意义 1

1.2 球罐特点 1

1.3 球罐分类 1

第二章 结构设计 2

2.1 球壳设计 3

2.1.1 赤道板尺寸计算 4

2.1.2 极板尺寸计算 5

2.1.3 极边板尺寸计算 8

2.2 坡口设计 9

2.3 支座设计 10

2.3.1 拉杆结构 10

2.3.2 支柱结构 11

2.4 人孔和接管 12

2.4.1 人孔结构 12

2.4.2 接管结构 12

2.5 本章小结 12

第三章 强度计算 13

3.1 设计条件 13

3.2 球壳计算 13

3.2.1 壳璧厚度计算 13

3.2.2 球壳强度计算 14

3.3 支柱、拉杆计算 16

3.4 连接部位强度计算 21

3.4.1 销钉直径计算 21

3.4.2 耳板与翼板厚度计算 21

3.4.3 焊缝剪应力校核 22

3.4.4 地脚螺栓计算 22

3.4.5 支座底板的直径厚度及其计算 22

3.4.6 支座与球壳连接处应力验算 23

3.4.7 支柱与球壳连接处焊缝强度验算 25

3.5 开孔补强计算 25

3.6 本章小结 25

第四章 附件设计 27

5.1 梯子平台 27

5.2 水喷淋装置 27

5.3 隔热设施 28

5.4 液面计 28

5.5 压力表 28

5.6 安全阀 28

第五章 工程项目的经济评估 31

第六章 总结与展望 32

参考文献 33

致谢 36

SW6校核 附录

1. 绪论

1.1选题意义

在本次毕业设计所有课题中，大型丁烷球罐设计属于设计类的，在之前的学习中往往只是了解了一下储罐的结构以及简单的设计思路，对于这种大型的球形储罐的设计是第一次接触。在大四上学期的课程设计中已经设计了一台换热器，这次选择了球罐设计，一是想巩固一下自己大学所学的关于压力容器设计的知识，二是想了解学习一下之前只是在课本上一带而过的球罐知识，三是为以后工作做设计工作做好铺垫。

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