论文总字数：19816字

摘 要

阀门是一种压力管道元件，是流体管路的控制装置。阀门功能的实现程度，决定了管路系统的性能。阀门的品种结构和尺寸大小不一，其工作温度从超低温-269℃到高温1200℃，甚至高达3400℃；工作压力从超真空 1.33×MPa到超高压1460MPa；阀门的公称尺寸DN1~6000，甚至达到 DN9750；不同的阀门可以用来控制不同类型的流体,阀门的应用也很广泛，小到人民生活包括食品、水电、医疗、卫生，大到国家核电、冶金等行业的制造，甚至在航空和国防事业中也发挥着重要的作用。

启闭件由阀杆带动，沿密封面作直线升降运动，达到开启或关闭目的的阀门，称为闸阀。闸阀的适用范围较宽泛，目前国内生产的常用闸阀性能参数范围是：公称压力PN1~760；公称尺寸DN15~1800；工作温度t≤610℃。

本设计是以Z6s40H型 PN16 DN500气动带手动楔式闸阀为设计对象，主要介绍了手动-气动楔式闸阀的工作原理和结构特点。根据结构形式，本设计中的手动-气动楔式闸阀分属于明杆闸阀，结构简单、使用可靠、密封性能很好，最大的特点是能产生微量的弹性变形来弥补在加工过程中密封面角度上的偏差。

阀门设计整个过程如下：首先确定工作环境 ，根据工作环境选择合适的方案，按给定的公称压力和公称直径等参数确定阀门结构，进行方案分析论证，根据国家标准和推荐尺寸来确定实际尺寸，材料选择，强度计算，稳定性校核，用 Auto CAD 绘制闸阀总装图和手动机构装配图，气缸及阀门零件图。

关键词：手动—气动转换 楔式弹性闸阀 密封面

The design of Z6S40H type, DN500, PN16 valve

Abstract

The valve is a pressure pipe element and is a control device for the fluid line. The main functions of the valve are: turn on or cut off the fluid passage; adjust the flow and throttling; adjust the pressure, the release of excess pressure; to prevent backflow and discharge resistance steam. It is no exaggeration to say that the degree of realization of these functions determines the performance of the piping system. The valve structure and size of different sizes, the working temperature from low temperature -269 ℃ to high temperature 1200 ℃, or even up to 3400 ℃; working pressure from the super-vacuum 1.33 × MPa to ultra-high pressure 1460MPa; valve nominal size DN1 ~ 6000, even To achieve DN9750; different valves can be used to control different types of fluids, such as water, steam, corrosive media, liquid metal and radioactive liquids, as well as with particles, viscous, easy scar medium flow; Manual development to the electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, turbine drive, electro-hydraulic linkage, electric-gas linkage until the program-controlled, CNC, remote control and so on. The application of the valve is also very wide, small people's life, including food, water, electricity, health care, health, large to the national nuclear power, metallurgical and other industries manufacturing, and even in aviation and national defense also play an important role.

    A valve that is driven by a stem and is moved up and down along the sealing surface to achieve the purpose of opening or closing. The valve is called a valve, and the sealing surface is a seat. Gate valve is a category of shut-off valve, its role is mainly used to connect and cut off the pipeline system in the medium, that is fully open or fully closed use. Gate valve for a wide range of applications, the current domestic production of the commonly used gate valve performance parameters are: nominal pressure PN1 ~ 760; nominal size DN15 ~ 1800; operating temperature t ≤ 610 ℃.

The design is based on Z6s40H PN16 DN500 pneumatic with manual wedge gate valve for the design object, mainly introduced the manual - pneumatic wedge gate valve works and structural characteristics. According to the structure, the gate valve can be divided into two categories: the gate valve and the dark bar gate valve. The design of the movable-pneumatic wedge valve is divided into the gate valve. This type of gate valve structure is simple, reliable, good sealing performance, the biggest feature is the ability to produce a small amount of elastic deformation to make up in the process of sealing surface angle deviation.

The whole process of the valve design is as follows: First determine the working environment, on the basis of the working environment to choose a suitable program, according to a given nominal pressure and nominal diameter and other parameters to determine the valve structure, the program analysis and demonstration, according to national standards and recommended size to determine the actual size, Material selection, strength calculation, stability check, with Auto CAD drawing gate assembly drawings and manual assembly drawings, cylinder and valve parts map.

Keywords: the hand pneumatic change ；wedge type elastic gate valve； sealing surface

目录

摘 要 II

Abstract III

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 选题意义 1

1.2 国内外阀门的发展 1

1.2.1 国内阀门的发展 1

1.2.2 国外阀门的发展 2

第二章 工作原理及结构特点 3

2.1 工作原理 3

2.2 结构特点 4

第三章 阀门的设计与计算 5

3.1 阀体的设计与计算 5

3.1.1 阀体的功能 5

3.1.2 阀体的结构形式和制造方法 5

3.1.3 阀体的选材 6

3.1.4 阀体的结构长度和连接尺寸 6

3.1.5 结构设计与计算 7

3.1.6 阀体壁厚的设计与计算 9

3.1.7 中法兰的设计与计算 9

3.2 闸板的设计与计算 13

3.2.1 闸板密封面宽度和内径 13

3.2.2 闸板与阀体档宽及相应公差 13

3.2.3 闸板主要结构尺寸 14

3.2.4 闸板密封面比压计算 15

3.2.5 闸板强度的校核 15

3.3 阀杆的设计与计算 16

3.3.1 阀杆总轴向力 16

3.3.2 阀杆的直径估算 17

3.3.3 阀杆的强度校核 19

3.3.4 阀杆的稳定性校核 19

3.3.5 阀杆主要尺寸的确定 21

3.4 阀盖和填料装置的设计与计算 23

3.4.1 阀盖的设计与计算 23

3.4.2 填料压盖的设计与计算 24

3.4.3 上密封座尺寸 28

3.5 气缸的设计与计算 29

3.5.1 气缸的直径粗估算与选取 29

3.5.2 气缸的校核 29

3.6 其他主要零件的设计与校核 31

3.6.1 滚动轴承的选取 31

3.6.2 阀杆螺母的校核 31

3.6.3 上活塞与 T 型槽接头连接螺栓的校核 32

3.7 阀门设计的经济核算 33

第四章 结论 34

致谢 35

参考文献 36

第一章 绪 论

1.1 选题意义

气动闸阀进入我国的时间始于改革开放时期，发展了不到二十年，我国阀门制造业就已焕然一新，在关系国计民生的重要领域都有着大量需求。超薄型的刀闸阀以其体积小、流阻小、重量轻、易安装、易拆卸等优点彻底解决了普通闸阀、平板闸阀、球阀、截止阀、调节阀、蝶阀等类阀门的流阻大、重量大、安装难、占地面积大等的疑难问题^[1]。

随着机电一体化趋势的发展，以及微电子技术和互联网的发展，在电动以及自动系统中使用的阀门也慢慢产生了不少的问题，比如精度不高、现场调试不方便、故障诊断方法不完善等。因此对电动阀门这一重要的工业用机械产品进行有效的改造，提高其智能化程度，使其控制过程计算机化、通讯功能数字化、故障诊断处理智能化、检测远程化，都有着非常重要的意义^[2]。

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