论文总字数：17808字

摘 要

随着年代的增长，人类对科技创新和物质需求的更高要求，导致了人们对化石燃料的利用与日俱增，致使CO₂的排放量不断增多，全球环境方面的问题日益严重，因此，如何控制大气中CO₂的含量是如今社会广为关注的问题。从目前科学技术来看，源头捕集CO₂和封存CO₂是控制其含量的有效方法。石油作为不可再生能源，大量的使用会让石油在短时间内枯竭。天然气（主要为CH₄）便成为了代替石油的不二选择，因此，如何解决天然气的存储是利用天然气的关键。

以间苯二酚-甲醛树脂为前驱体，以KOH、NaOH作为活化剂，改变活化前的搅拌温度和搅拌时间来制备多孔碳材料，并通过探究它们的CH₄、CO₂吸脱附等温线，研究吸附量和孔隙结构的关系，找到最佳活化条件。

实验结果表明：活化前搅拌温度为90^oC，搅拌时间为2小时，活化温度650℃，KOH和前驱体质量比为2为较好的活化条件，此时CO₂和CH₄吸附量分别为155.71 cm³ g^-1和51.60 cm³ g^-1。根据研究可以发现，随着搅拌温度升高，多孔碳材料微孔孔隙结构和极微孔数量并不是呈现线性变化，而是先增加后减少。当搅拌时间增加后，比表面积变小，平均孔径增大。而且实验表明，当KOH作为活化剂制备得到的多孔碳材料比NaOH作为活化剂制备得到的多孔碳材料的平均孔径要小，KOH具有扩小孔的效果。

关键词：KOH NaOH 多孔碳材料 间苯二酚-甲醛树脂 吸附

Preparation of Porous Carbon Materials by Activation of Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide and Its Adsorption Properties

Abstract

With the acceleration of industrialization, the use of fossil fuels has increased dramatically, resulting in the emission of a large amount of CO₂ gas and a series of environmental problems. The felony and depository of CO₂ from the source is the most impelling pattern to manage CO₂ emissions. Petroleum is currently the most important energy source used by humanity, and high-speed consumption has made petroleum increasingly depleted. Rich reserves of natural gas (mainly composed of CH₄) are good substitutes for petroleum, and the clean combustion characteristics of natural gas can reduce environmental pollution. Solving the problem of earthy gas depository is the pattern to realizing the utilization of natural gas. The method of adsorption to capture and storage CO₂ and CH₄ has the advantages of simplex procedure, low-level energy tuberculosis, low investment, etc. The efficient and stable sorbent is the pattern to realize the utilization of adsorption method.
KOH-activated phenolic resin was used to synthesize porous carbon materials, and porous carbon materials with different pore structures were made by controlling the temperature and the mass ratio of KOH and precursors. The adsorption procedure and desorption isograms of CO₂ and CH₄ were referenced, and their adsorption capacity and pore constitution were premeditated. The relationship between, find out the best activation conditions.
The experimental results showed that: the stirring temperature was 90 ^oC, the mixing time was 2 hours, and the mass ratio of precursor was 2, the activation temperature was 650 ^oC. At this time, the adsorption capacity of CO₂ and CH₄ was 155.71 cm3 g^-1 and 51.60 cm3 g^-1, respectively. According to the study, it can be found that with the increase of activation temperature, the microporous pore structure and the number of micropores of porous carbon material do not show linear change, but increase first and then decrease. When the amount of activator increases, the number of pore structures increases with the intensification of the etching effect of activator on porous carbon materials, resulting in more mesopores, larger average pore diameter, and the number of extremely micro pores increases first and then decreases. The micro pore volume and total pore volume are not the factors that determine the adsorption performance of CH₄ and CO₂, but the micro pore with small pore size has a decisive adsorption effect on CO₂ and CH₄.

Key Words: KOH; NaOH; Porous carbon material; Resorcinol formaldehyde resin; adsorption

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract i

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 CO₂的捕集技术 1

1.2.1 膜分离法 2

1.2.2 低温分离法 2

1.2.3 吸收法 2

1.2.4 吸附分离法 3

1.3天然气(CH₄)的储运技术 3

1.4 多孔碳材料 3

1.5 多孔碳材料的制备方法 4

1.6 论文研究内容、目的和意义 5

第二章 实验部分 6

2.1 实验药品、气体和仪器 6

2.1.1 实验所用相关药品 6

2.1.2 实验所需仪器 6

2.1.3 实验所需气体 7

2.2 样品的表征 7

2.2.1 比表面积及孔结构测定 7

2.2.2 气体吸附性能测定 8

第三章 结果与讨论 9

3.1 实验内容 9

3.1.1 酚醛树脂的合成 9

3.1.2 多孔碳材料的制备 9

3.2 KOH作为活化剂探究搅拌温度对多孔碳材料吸附性能的影响 9

3.2.1 N₂吸附表征 10

3.2.2 CO₂吸附等温线 11

3.2.3 CH₄吸附等温线 12

3.3 KOH作为活化剂探究不同搅拌时间对多孔碳材料吸附性能的影响 12

3.3.1 比表面积及孔径分析 13

3.3.2 CO₂吸附等温线 15

3.3.3 CH₄吸附等温线 15

3.4 NaOH作为活化剂探究多孔碳材料吸附性能的影响 16

3.4.1 比表面积及孔径分析 16

3.4.2 CH₄吸附等温线 18

第四章 结论与展望 19

4.1 结论 19

4.2 展望 19

参考文献 21

致谢 23

第一章 绪论

1.1 引言

化石能源的大量使用导致了CO₂气体的超量排放，查阅文献可知，火力发电排放的尾气中CO₂大约占15%，N₂大约占70% [1-3]，引起全球温室效应[4]的CO₂气体大部分来源于此，而且目前很多的环境问题都是由CO₂引起的，怎样降低CO₂气体量成为全人类关注的话题，这些问题深深影响到人类的生活[5]。

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