论文总字数：31969字

摘 要

近年来，GPS、北斗卫星导航系统，伽利略系统等全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）凭借其高效、高精度、易操作、成本低廉、无需通视等一系列可取之处在测量方面取得了巨大的成就并被越来越多的人认可。然而，GNSS采集到的高程数据是与WGS-84坐标系统一致的大地高，与我国普遍使用的正常高不一致。所以一直以来，由全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）观测获得的大地高难以直接应用于工程测量。如果要将GNSS获得的大地高转化为我国通用的正常高，就需要通过联系两者的高程异常来计算。基于最小二乘法进行高程转换是目前最常用的转换方法。最小二乘法不能有效地剔除粗差，但由于各种原因，测量数据又难免含有会降低参数估计精度，扭曲测量成果粗差，所以探测与剔除测量值中含有粗差的测量值在高程转换中显得极为重要。鉴于此，如何尽可能地减弱粗差对GNSS高程拟合的影响已经成为GNSS高程拟合发展的一大难题，并且国内外很多高程拟合程序缺少严格的粗差剔除能力。

所以，本文首先介绍了GNSS高程拟合的相关知识，说明了GNSS高程拟合的基本原理，及其拟合过程中易出现的问题。还阐述了常用高程系统的定义和三者之间的关系。针对GNSS数据处理中的粗差问题作出解释，引出数据探测法，用数据探测法来剔除粗差提高成果精度。并以数据探测法为基础介绍了几种高程拟合方法，并结合自己所学知识在此基础上编写了对应的高程拟合程序。

关键词：数据探测法 高程拟合 GNSS MATLAB

Application of Data-snooping in GNSS height fitting

Abstract

In recent years, GPS, Beidou satellite navigation system, Galileo system, and other Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) have achieved great results in measurement because they are highly efficient, highly accurate, easy to operate, low cost and do not need to look through. And it is recognized by an increasing number of people. However, the height data collected by GNSS is the same as that of WGS-84 coordinate system, which is not consistent with the normal height commonly used in China. Therefore, the geodetic height obtained from GNSS observation is difficult to be directly used in engineering survey.If we want to convert the geodetic height obtained by GNSS into the normal height generally used in China, we need to calculate it by combining the elevation anomalies of the two. Elevation conversion based on least squares  is 

currently the most commonly used conversion method.The least square method can not effectively eliminate the gross errors, but due to various reasons, the measurement data will inevitably contain the gross errors which will reduce the accuracy of parameter estimation and distort the measurement results, so it is very important to detect and eliminate the measurement values with gross errors in elevation conversion. In view of this, how to reduce the influence of gross error on GNSS height fitting as much as possible has become a big problem in the development of GNSS height fitting, and many height fitting programs at home and abroad lack strict gross error removal ability.

Therefore, this paper first introduces the relevant knowledge of GNSS height fitting, explains the basic principle of GNSS height fitting, and the problems in the fitting process. The definition of common elevation system and the relationship among them are also described. In this paper, the gross errors in GNSS data processing are explained, and the data detection method is introduced to eliminate the gross errors and improve the accuracy of the results. Based on the data detection method, this paper introduces several height fitting methods, and compiles the corresponding height fitting program on the basis of my own knowledge.

Keywords：Data-snooping; Height fitting; GNSS; MATLAB

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外GNSS高程拟合研究现状 1

1.3 论文研究内容和技术路线 3

1.3.1 研究内容 3

1.3.2 研究方法和技术路线 3

1.4 论文的组织结构 4

第二章 GNSS高程拟合的相关理论 5

2.1 GNSS简介 5

2.2 常用的高程系统 5

2.2.1 正高系统 5

2.2.2 正常高系统 5

2.2.3 大地高系统 5

2.2.4 三种高程系统之间的关系 6

2.3 GNSS高程拟合原理 6

第三章 基于最小二乘法的GNSS高程拟合算法 7

3.1 最小二乘原理 7

3.2 MATLAB简介 8

3.3 基于最小二乘的GNSS高程拟合算法 8

3.3.1 采用平面拟合法 9

3.3.2 采用二次曲面拟合法 12

第四章 基于数据探测法的GNSS高程拟合算法 18

4.1 GNSS高程拟合存在的不足 18

4.1.1 粗差的危害 18

4.1.2 探测和剔除粗差的方法 18

4.2 数据探测法 18

4.2.1 数据探测法概述 19

4.2.2 数据探测法原理 19

4.3 基于数据探测法的GNSS高程拟合算法实现 19

4.3.1 算法思路 19

4.3.2 实例分析 21

第五章 结论和展望 32

5.1 结论 32

5.2 展望 32

参考文献 34

致 谢 35

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