论文总字数：34238字

摘 要

高校实验室是高校教学中重要的一部分，是高校的“心脏”，源源不断地培养出高素质的应用型、创新型人才。同时因为在实验的过程中需要使用到各种化学品和仪器设备，存在一定的安全隐患，近年来社会公众对高校实验室的安全的关注度越来越高。本文收集了近几年来发生在高校实验室的57起火灾、爆炸事故，并分析了这57起事故的特点和事故原因。为了对高校实验室的安全现状有进一步的了解，本文以江苏省危险化学品本质安全与控制技术重点实验室为例，使用模糊综合评价法结合专家征询法构建重点实验室的安全综合评价指标体系，计算出各项指标的权重，其中四个一级指标及其权重为：安全管理的权重为0.29，人员素质的权重为0.27，药品与废弃物的权重为0.20，设施设备的权重为0.25。利用构建的指标体系，对重点实验室进行安全评价，评价结果是重点实验室的安全现状等级在好和较好之间，并分析了重点实验室存在的一些不足，结合各项指标权重提出以下安全优化策略：（1）完善安全管理制度，加强实验室安全管理；（2）重视安全教育，提升学生素质；（3）加强化学品的管理与使用，规范废弃物的处理；（4）保证实验室建设投入，确保各类设施设备正常运行。

关键词：高校实验室 实验室事故 构建评价指标 安全评价

Statistical Analysis and Risk Prevention of Chemical Laboratory Accidents in Universities

Abstract

University laboratories are an important part of college teaching and the "heart" of colleges and universities. They constantly cultivate high-quality applied and innovative talents. At the same time, because of the need to use a variety of chemicals and equipment in the course of the experiment, there are certain hidden safety hazards. In recent years, the safety of the laboratory of colleges and universities has become increasingly concerned. This article collected 57 fire and explosion accidents that occurred in the laboratory of colleges and universities in recent years, and analyzed the characteristics and causes of these 57 accidents. In order to have a better understanding of the safety status of university laboratories, this article takes the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Intrinsic Safety of Hazardous Chemicals and Control Technology Laboratory as an example, uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combined with expert consultation method to build a comprehensive safety evaluation index system of key laboratories Calculate the weights of various indicators, including four first-level indicators and their weights: the weight of safety management is 0.29, the weight of personnel quality is 0.27, the weight of medicine and waste is 0.20, and the weight of facility equipment is 0.25. Using the constructed indicator system, the safety evaluation of the key laboratories was carried out. The evaluation result was that the safety status of the key laboratories was safe , and analyzed some of the deficiencies in the key laboratories. Combining the weights of the indicators, the following safety was proposed Optimization strategies: (1) Improve the safety management system and strengthen laboratory safety management; (2) Pay attention to safety education and improve the quality of students; (3) Strengthen the management and use of chemicals and standardize the treatment of waste; (4)Guarantee experiments Invest in the construction of the office to ensure the normal operation of various facilities and equipment.

Key Words: University laboratory;Llaboratory accident;Construction evaluation index;Safety evaluation

目录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.1.1高校实验室事故的影响 1

1.1.2高校实验室安全的意义 1

1.1.3政府在不断关注和加强实验室安全工作 1

1.2文献综述 3

1.2.1与安全评价有关的概念 3

1.2.2国内外研究情况 4

1.3研究内容 5

第二章 国内高校实验室火灾爆炸事故的统计分析 6

2.1高校实验室火灾爆炸事故总体情况 6

2.2国内高校实验室火灾爆炸事故特点 7

2.3国内高校实验室火灾爆炸事故的原因 9

2.4本章小结 10

第三章 建立安全评价指标体系 12

3.1重点实验室的概况 12

3.2评价方法的选择 15

3.3建立实验室安全评价指标体系 16

3.3.1评价指标构建原则 16

3.3.2评价指标的确定 17

3.3.3评价指标权重的确立 18

3.3.4评价模型 27

3.4本章小结 29

第四章 对重点实验室进行评价 30

4.1对重点实验室进行安全评价 30

4.2评价结果 35

4.3本章小结 38

第五章 实验室安全优化策略 39

5.1完善安全管理制度，加强实验室安全管理 39

5.2重视安全教育，提升学生素质 39

5.3加强化学品的管理与使用，规范废弃物的处理 40

5.4保证实验室建设投入，确保各类设施设备正常运行 41

第六章 结语 42

6.1总结 42

6.2展望 42

参考文献 44

致谢 46

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