摘 要

本设计是以年产5万吨邻二氯苯为生产目标，在阅读大量参考文献和联系国内实际生产情况之后，确定本设计主要由氯化反应和精馏提纯两个工序系统所组成。首先由苯在金属卟啉催化剂的催化下进行定向氯化反应得到邻二氯苯，工艺采用间歇式反应工艺，得到高质量产品。之后通入精馏塔分离出邻二氯苯产品，该方法操作条件温和，收率相对较高，工艺比较成熟，是较为理想的生产工艺。

本文针对设计要求对工艺流程使用Aspen Plus软件进行模拟，然后根据物料平衡原理分别对反应釜、精馏塔、换热器进行物料衡算，根据热力学定律,对反应釜、精馏塔和换热器进行热量衡算。使用Aspen简捷计算和精确计算、设计规定求得理论塔板数、实际塔板数以及最小回流比。并根据设计要求，对反应釜和精馏塔的内径、高度、管口直径和其余相关设备，理论上进行了尺寸计算及选择，对精馏塔的精馏段、提馏段进行了校核，以满足设计要求，达到所需要的工艺条件。同时，本着理论联系实际的精神，本文对整个工艺流程及车间生产进行了经济技术分析，其中包括各部件的材质、用料量的选择的经济评价、设备投机及投资回收期的计算。

关键词：邻二氯苯；生产工艺；设计

Abstract

In this design, a workshop with annual production of 50,000 tons of o-dichlorobenzene was designed.According to a large number of reference studies and the actual production surveys at home and abroad, a feasible technology based on two process systems of chlorination reaction and rectification purification was selected as action plan.First, benzene is chlorinated by metal purine catalyst to obtain o-dichlorobenzene.This process is a batch reaction process, which can obtain high quality products.After this, the product was passed into a rectification tower to separate o-dichlorobenzene product.The operating conditions of this method are mild, the reaction yield is relatively high, and the process is relatively mature, so it is an ideal production process.

In this article, the process flow is simulated using Aspen Plus software, and then the material balance is calculated for the reactor, rectification tower, and heat exchanger according to the principle of material balance. At the same time, according to the laws of thermodynamics, the reactor, rectification tower, and The heat exchanger performs heat balance.Use the simple calculation, accurate calculation and design rules in Aspen Plus to find the theoretical plate number, actual plate number and minimum reflux ratio.According to the design requirements, this paper theoretically calculated and selected the inner diameter, height, nozzle diameter and other related equipment of the reactor and rectification tower, and carried out the rectification section and the stripping section of the rectification tower. Check to meet the design requirements so that it can meet the required process conditions.Finally, considering the combination of theory and practice, this paper conducts an economic and technical analysis of the entire process and workshop production, including the economic evaluation of the selection of materials for each component, the amount of materials used, equipment speculation and the calculation of investment payback period.

Keywords: o-dichlorobenzene; production process; design

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1产品名称 1

1.2 物理化学性质 1

1.3项目背景 1

1.4 设计内容及思路 2

1.4.1 设计主要内容 2

1.4.2 设计主要思路 2

1.5 设计依据 3

第2章 生产方法与工艺流程 4

2.1 生产工艺方案的选择 4

2.2 实验阶段 6

2.3 操作过程 6

2.4 工艺流程设计 7

2.4.1 反应原理 7

2.4.2 工艺流程图及简述 7

3.1 物料衡算依据 8

3.2 物料衡算过程 8

3.2.1反应方程式 8

3.2.2 反应相关物料计算 9

3.3 能量衡算 13

3.3.1热量衡算 13

第4章 主要设备设计和选型 16