摘 要

光纤传感技术对比传统传感技术有抗电磁干扰、体积小、质量轻、远距离实时在线传感、分布式传感等诸多优点，在复合材料性能研究领域有着广泛应用。光纤布拉格光栅（Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG）传感器可以粘贴在复合材料表面，对复合材料结构进行实时在线监测。利用FBG波长与复材受力之间的特征曲线，可以由测量的波长算出其受力状况，得到复材损伤区域的波长特性，进而作为材料是否损伤的判断依据。

本论文针对复合材料的结构健康监测问题，进行了光纤布拉格光栅传感器对复合材料正常以及损伤状态下的结构健康状态研究。首先对正常复合材料进行拉伸测量，测试正常复合材料在受力情况下FBG波长漂移之间与应力之间的关系。在此基础上，对复合材料进行钻孔以引入损伤，并重复拉伸实验以研究复合材料在损伤情况下的性能。将正常复材与损伤复材FBG波长漂移状况进行对比，结果表明，材料损伤状态下，损伤区域附近的波长漂移比距离损伤区域较远区域波长漂移更大；离损伤区域较远区域相比于未损伤状态时波长漂移近似相同。研究结果可为FBG在复合材料结构健康监测中的应用提供依据。

关键词：光纤光栅；复合材料性能；拉伸应变；损伤监测

Abstract

Optical fiber sensing technology compared to traditional sensor technology with anti-electromagnetic interference, smaller size, lighter weight, remote sensing real-time online, distributed sensing, and many other advantages in the field of composites has been widely used. FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) sensor can be attached to the surface of the composite material for composite structures for real-time online monitoring. The use of FBG wavelength multiplexing material characteristic curve between the forces that can be calculated from the measured wavelength of its situation by force, to obtain wavelength characteristics Composites damaged area, and then determine whether the material damage as a basis.

In this thesis, the problem of structural health monitoring of composite materials made of fiber Bragg grating sensor composite structural health and damage normal state under study. First normal composite tensile measurements, the tests are normal composite relationship between stress drift in between the forces FBG wavelength. On this basis, the composite drilling to introduce injury, and repeat the stretch experiment to study the damage in composite performance. The normal Composites and Composites FBG wavelength shift injury status were compared, the results show that under the state of material injury, the injured area near the wavelength shift away from the damaged area farther than the wavelength shift a larger area; farther away from the damaged area in the region compared to when uninjured state approximately the same wavelength shift. The results provide the basis for FBG applications in composite structural health monitoring.

Key word：Fiber Grating； composite material； tensile strain；damage detection；

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1光纤布拉格光栅工作原理 1

1.2复合材料领域FBG应用的背景及意义 2

1.3 FBG研究复合材料性能的国内外现状 3

1.4 本文研究内容与预期目标 7

第2章 FBG研究复合材料性能实验 9

2.1 FBG传感理论基础 9

2.2实验材料及设备 9

2.3 正常板拉伸实验 10

2.4 损伤板拉伸实验 13

第3章 实验结果分析与展望 15

3.1实验结果分析 15

3.1.1 正常板拉伸实验结果分析 15

3.1.2 损伤板拉伸试验结果分析 15

3.2 实验结果总结 16

3.3 展望 18

参考文献 19

致谢 20

第1章 绪论

1.1光纤布拉格光栅工作原理

光纤光栅传感器（Fiber Grating Sensor）属于光纤传感器的一种，基于光纤光栅的传感过程是通过外界物理参量对光纤布拉格（Bragg）波长的调制来获取传感信息^[1]，是一种波长调制型光纤传感器。光纤布拉格光栅是一种在轴向上折射率周期变化的光栅。当可调谐光源发出的光入射到含有光栅的光纤中时，波长与光栅周期一致的光将被反射，其他波长的光则不受影响地通过光栅。外界条件（如应变、应力、温度等）变化时，会影响光栅周期，导致波长发生漂移。在各种物理量中，应变导致的波长漂移最为明显，因为应变直接会改变光栅周期。

FBG的中心波长,光纤的纤芯有效折射率以及FBG的光栅周期满足如下方程：

（1.1）