摘 要

针对在雨天行车时，驾驶员需要手动开启雨刷并调整其刮水速率而导致注意力分散，影响行车安全的问题，本文提出了一种智能雨刷控制器的设计方案。本系统采用了单独分离的雨量传感装置，检测装置采用了雨滴传感器来检测雨量的信息，通过ADC0832接收到传感器传来的模拟信号并将其转变为数字信号，再将数字信号发送给STC89C52RC，通过接收到的信息判断车外雨量的大小，根据此信息来驱动电机对应的转动速度，以达到智能雨刷控制的效果。另外智能雨刷控制器还配备了手动操作，便于在特殊情况下驾驶员可以去额外控制雨刷器，避免在控制器出现跑飞或者死机的情况不能开启和控制雨刷的尴尬情况。

通过理论设计，电路仿真，实物平台搭建以及程序调试，本文设计的智能雨刷控制器可以在雨天的时候自动开启并且根据雨量的大小来控制雨刷的速度，并且也可以过手动控制，达到了预期的设计目的。

关键词：智能雨刷；51单片机；雨量检测；电机驱动

Abstract

Aiming at the question that the driver distraction for needing open the wiper and adjust the water scraping rate with driving in the rain, this paper presents a kind of design scheme of Windscreen wiper controller. The design of Intelligent Windscreen wiper controller uses a separated rain sensing device, and the detection device uses a rain sensor to detect the amount of rainfall. the analog signals transmitted from the rain sensor will be received by ADC0832, and converted into digital signals. Then the digital signal will be sent to the STC89C52RC, which can estimate the amount of rainfall outside the car by means of the receiving information. Also，on the basis of this information the MCU drives the corresponding rotation speed of the motor in order to achieve the effect of intelligent windscreen wiper control. Besides， the intelligent wiper controller can also be operated by human， which is convenience for the driver controlling wiper in some special circumstances, and can avoid the embarrassment of the controller crash situation in which the wiper can not be opened or controlled.

Through the theoretical design, circuit simulation,physical platform building and program debugging, the intelligent windscreen wiper controller designed in this paper can be opened automatically in rainy days, and it can also control the rate of wiper according to the amount of rainfall. The manual control can achieve wiper opening, stopping and speed controlling too, which has reached the expected purpose of design, and is recognized and affirmed by the teachers and students consistently.

Key word：Intelligent wiper; 51 MCU; Rainfall detection; motor drive

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 论题选题的背景，目的及意义 1

1.1.1 选题的背景 1

1.1.2 研究课题的意义 1

1.2 智能雨刷控制器的现状及前景 1

1.2.1 雨刷产品的现状 1

1.2.2 智能雨刷控制器的前景 2

1.3 研究内容及预期目标 2

1.4 环境及经济性分析 2

第2章 系统设计 3

2.1 雨滴传感器的原理 3

2.2 方案的对比及评价 5

第3章 智能雨刷控制器的硬件设计 7

3.1 雨滴传感器模块 7

3.1.1 雨滴传感器的工作原理 7

3.1.2 雨滴传感器的电路设计 7

3.2 AD转换模块 8

3.2.1 ADC芯片介绍及其应用 8

3.3 MCU控制器模块 9

3.3.1 MCU控制器最小系统的搭建 9

3.3.2 MCU控制器I/O接口 12

3.4 键盘电路模块 13

3.4.1 键盘的功能描述 13

3.4.2 键盘的电路原理 13

3.5 电机驱动模块 14

3.5.1 直流电机调速原理 14

3.5.2 电机驱动芯片介绍 15

3.5.3 电机驱动电路设计 15

第4章 智能雨刷控制器的软件设计 17

4.1 程序流程图 17

4.2 程序初始化 18

4.3 AD转换 18

4.4 电机驱动 21

第5章 总结与展望 22

参考文献 23

附录A 24

图A1电路总原理图 24

图A2 PCB制版图 25

图A3系统实物图 26

程序代码 27

致谢 34

第1章 绪论

1.1 论题选题的背景，目的及意义