摘 要

自重庆市直辖以来，社会经济快速发展，人民生活水平快速提高。与此同时，也出现了用地紧张、能源枯竭、生态退化等资源环境问题。如何在保持经济增长的同时保护生态环境，实现可持续发展，是目前重庆市面临的重大问题。本文利用生态足迹法对重庆市2010年至2014的生态足迹、生态承载力及生态赤字状况进行了计算及对比分析，进而对重庆市近年来的可持续发展程度进行评估及变化趋势分析。

研究结果发现，2010年到2014年间，重庆市生态足迹逐年增加，生态承载力基本保持稳定，整体呈现生态赤字状态，五年内从1.3032（公顷/人）升至1.4747（公顷/人），表明生态赤字状况在逐年恶化。在各种资源消费类型中化石能源消费占主导地位，其中化石燃料的过度使用是造成生态赤字的主要原因。五年来，万元GDP生态足迹从0.6225降至0.3941（公顷/万元），表明资源利用效率有所提高，生态多样性指数由1.2349升至1.2999。表明各类土地利用更均衡，发展能力指数从2.1214升至2.4514，表明近年来生态系统发展能力提高，可持续发展态势良好。为进一步改善重庆市生态赤字状况，应该尽量减少化石能源消费，提高土地生产力，走循环经济和循环型社会的发展之路。

关键字：生态足迹；生态承载力；生态赤字；可持续发展

Abstract

Since Chongqing became the municipality directly under the Central Government, the social economy has been developing rapidly and people's living standards improving quickly. Simultaneously, a lot of environment problems also occurred, including the decrease of available land，exhaustion of energy and resources, and ecological degradation. It is a major problem for Chongqing that how to maintain protect the ecological environment with the rapid economic growth. This paper evaluated the degree of the sustainable development of Chongqing in recent years from 2010 to 2014, through calculating the ecological footprint, ecological capacity and ecological deficit.

The results showed that the ecological footprint increased gradually, and ecological carrying capacity remained at a stable level from 2010 to 2014, during which time Chongqing has been in ecological deficit. Within five years, the per capita ecological deficit increased from 1.3032ha to 1.4747ha. The fossil energy is the main part of the resourced consumption, and the excessive use of fossil energy is the main course of ecological deficit. Within five years, the pre 10 thousand GDP ecological footprint decreased from 0.6225ha to 0.3941ha, which meant that the efficiency of resources utility rate was increasing. The ecological diversity index increased from 1.2349 to 1.2999 and the development ability index increased from 2.1214 to 2.4514, which meant a relative healthy development trend of ecological systems. In order to improve the development status of Chongqing, efficient measures should be taken to reduce the use of fossil energy, improve the land productivity, and develop circular economy.

Key words: Ecological footprint; Ecological capacity; Ecological deficit; The sustainable development.

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1生态足迹法——定量可持续发展的方法 1

1.2生态足迹理论研究概况 1

1.3生态足迹理论的应用 1

1.3.1区域生态足迹研究 1

1.3.2产业生态足迹研究 2

1.4研究目的及意义 2

第2章 研究区域概况 3

第3章 研究方法和数据来源 4

3.1 研究方法 4

3.1.1 生态足迹模型 4

3.1.2 生态承载力模型 4

3.2 数据来源 5

第4章 重庆市2010~2014年生态足迹计算过程与综合分析 6

4.1 计算过程 6

4.1.1 以2014年为例生态足迹与生态承载力计算 6

4.1.2 2010~2014年生态足迹与生态承载力计算及分析 10

4.1.3各类型土地生态盈余/赤字及可持续性分析 15

4.2 重庆市可持续状态评价 17

4.2.1万元GDP 17

4.2.2生态足迹多样性指数 17

4.2.3发展能力指数 18

第5章 结论与建议 19

参考文献 20

致谢 22

附录 2010-2013年生态足迹计算表 23

第1章 绪论

1.1生态足迹法——定量可持续发展的方法