摘 要

小微企业是国民经济和社会发展的重要基础，是创业富民的重要渠道，是缓解就业压力以及保持社会稳定的基础力量，是深化改革的重要推动力量。而科技型小微企业因创业及管理成本较低，市场应变能力强，成为技术进步中最活跃的创新主体。科技型小微企业贴近市场，贴近用户，活跃在市场竞争最为激烈的领域，往往是实验区，是突破口。科技型小微企业的各项研发成果，为大企业的改革实践提供了有益经验，在市场经济的发展中有着不可替代的作用。

2009年国家颁布《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》和《国务院关于进一步促进中小企业发展的若干意见》2011年颁布《中小企业划型标准规定》，十八大报告指出，要支持小微企业特别是科技型小微企业的发展。交通银行推进新三板股权抵押，专利权抵押，快捷抵押贷，并积极优化设计《科技型小微企业“科技贷”授信开发方案》。

科技型小微企业联盟，可以通过供应链，产业链，股权融资等方式实现绩效的提高，实现创新。科技型小微企业的联盟，有助于企业开拓视野、打开思路、提升其业务水平、完善并增强其核心竞争力。科技型小微企业在资金、人才、生产营销方面的不足，也要求小微企业通过横向联盟与纵向联盟密切合作，加以学习，才能使科技型小微企业能够不断发展、壮大，增强实力。

本文的研究就旨在通过比较研究科技型小微企业的横向联盟与纵向联盟，探索两者形成的动因差异。伙伴的选择和对绩效的比较，并在此基础上给出提高横向联盟与纵向联盟稳定性治理模式和风险防范的建议。

本文主要运用文献梳理法和实证分析法，通过文献梳理，归纳并总结。小微企业、科技型企业、科技型小微企业横向联盟与纵向联盟的相关理论，为之后的研究提供理论上的基础，然后通过实例进行实证研究。最后总结本文的研究结论与不足之处。

Abstract

Small and micro enterprises is an important foundation for economic and social development, and an important channel for business people rich, is the ease employment pressure and maintaining social stability forces, deepening reform is an important driving force. The high-tech small and micro enterprises due to lower cost of management and entrepreneurship, adaptability to the market is strong, technological advances become the most active and innovative body. Tech small and micro enterprises close to the market, close to the user, active in the market the most competitive field, often experimental area, is a breakthrough. The results of scientific and technological research and development of small and micro enterprises, in order to reform the practice of large enterprises to provide a useful experience, plays an irreplaceable role in the development of market economy.

In 2009 the State promulgated the "People's Republic of China SME Promotion Law" and the "State Council on further promote the development of SMEs," enacted in 2011, "Standard for SMEs planning regulations," eighteen report pointed out the need to support small and micro enterprises, particularly It is the development of high-tech small and micro enterprises. Bank of Communications to promote three new board equity mortgages, mortgage franchise, efficient mortgages, and for optimizing the design of "high-tech small and micro enterprises," science and technology-prime "credit development program."

Tech small and micro enterprise alliance, can improve performance through the supply chain, industrial chain, equity financing, etc., to achieve innovation. Union science and technology small and micro enterprises, and help enterprises to broaden their horizons and open ideas, improve their professional level, improve and enhance their core competitiveness. Tech small and micro enterprises in the capital, talent, lack of production and marketing, also requires close cooperation with small and micro enterprises through horizontal and vertical alliances Alliance, to learn, to make high-tech small businesses can continue to develop, expand and increase their strength.

This article aims to study the comparative study of science and technology small businesses horizontal and vertical alliances Alliance, formed to explore the dynamic between the two due to the difference. Select and compare the performance of partners, and gives recommendations to improve lateral stability and vertical alliances Alliance governance and risk prevention on this basis.

In this paper, using literature review and empirical analysis, through literature review, summarize and summarized. Theory of small and micro enterprises, science and technology enterprises, high-tech small and micro enterprises horizontal and vertical alliances Alliance, providing the theoretical basis for subsequent research and empirical research by way of example. Concluded conclusions and deficiencies of this article.

指    标

第一章、绪论

1.1、研究背景和意义

1.1.1、研究背景

随着改革开放和科教兴国等基本国策的提出和实施，科技型小微企业如雨后春笋般涌现。《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》和十八大报告中，要支持小微企业特别是科技型小微企业的发展，为科技型小微企业的产业壮大提供了法律和制度上的保障。高校的普及和扩招为科技型小微企业的发展输送了新鲜养分。因此，科技型小微企业展现了顽强的生命力和创新能力。科技型小微企业对活跃社会市场经济，增加几下税收收入，缓解就业压力，尤其是应届大学毕业生的安置，小众学科人才赶到了非常积极的作用。

中国的各类小微企业正在成为社会就业的主要承担者，中国工商总局最新发布的报告称，在中国超7.67亿的就业人数中，小微企业解决的就业人口已达到1.5亿，且新增的就业人口的70%以上都来自于小微企业。这份《全国小型微型企业发展情况报告》还指出，相同的资金收入，小微企业可吸纳就业人员比大中型企业多4倍至5倍。报告中数据显示称，截止到2013年底，中国企业总数为1527.84万户。其中小微企业有1169.87万户，占企业总数的76.57%。若将4436.29万个体工商户纳入统计，小微企业所占比重将达94.15%从资产净值，人均占有份额角度，同样的资金投入，小微企业可解决的就业人数数倍于大中型企业。从绝对份额角度，小微企业是解决城市就业和农村富余劳动力的重要渠道，极大意义上维护了社会的稳定。小微企业多集中在较低层次领域的传统行业，或创新能很强的小众新兴产业，呈“锄头与卫星齐飞，高端与低端并存”之势。从小微企业的行业分布来看，工业（包含采矿业、制造业、电力、热力燃气及水生产和供应水）的小微企业数占总额的18.49%，批发零售行业占到了总数的36.44%，租赁和商务服务业占到总数的9.93%，科技型小微企业（如信息传输业、软件和信息技术服务业）占各类小微企业的4.62%。

1.1.2、研究的意义

经济全球化的发展使得企业间竞争加剧，为了在竞争中占据有利地位，科技型小微企业不得不通过横向联盟和纵向联盟来提升自身竞争力，扩大自身优势。通过资源的分享来弥补自身资金、人才、技术等方面的不足。增加产品多样性和科技含量、合作创新、共同面对市场化带来的挑战。