1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

1. #160;Research background 1.1 William Faulkner William Cuthbert Faulkner was an American writer and Nobel Prize，laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays, and screenplays. He is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life. Faulkner spent his boyhood listening to stories told to him by his elders including those of the Civil War, slavery, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Faulkner family. Faulkner's grandfather would also tell him of the exploits of William's great-grandfather and namesake, William Clark Faulkner, who was a successful businessman, writer, and Civil War hero. Telling stories about "Old Colonel", as his family called him, had already become something of a family pastime when Faulkner was a boy.[6] According to one of Faulkner's biographers, by the time William was born, his great-grandfather had "been enshrined long since as a household deity." When he was 17, Faulkner met Philip Stone, who became an important early influence on his writing. Stone was four years his senior and came from one of Oxford's older families; he was passionate about literature and had already earned bachelor's degrees from Yale and the University of Mississippi. Faulkner also attended the latter, joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and pursued his dream to become a writer. Stone read and was impressed by some of Faulkner's early poetry, becoming one of the first to recognize and encourage Faulkner's talent. Stone mentored the young Faulkner, introducing him to the works of writers such as James Joyce, who influenced Faulkner's own writing. In his early 20s, Faulkner gave poems and short stories he had written to Stone in hopes of their being published. Stone would in turn send these to publishers, but they were uniformly rejected. The younger Faulkner was greatly influenced by the history of his family and the region in which he lived. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of "black and white" Americans, his characterization of Southern characters, and his timeless themes, including fiercely intelligent people dwelling behind the facades of good old boys and simpletons. Unable to join the United States Army due to his height (he was 5' 5#189;"), Faulkner enlisted in a reservist unit of the British Army in Toronto. Despite his claims, records indicate that Faulkner was never actually a member of the British Royal Flying Corps and never saw service during the First World War. With his life experience, William Faulkner traced the history of the people including White and Black who living in Southern, and discuss the racism in his works, such as Absalom,Absalom.Besides,Faulkner repeatedly denounced racism and slavery in his works, speeches and newspaper articles. In the non-fiction article Mississippi, Faulkner wrote: "The reason people use lynchings against blacks is not because they committed crimes, but because their skin is black." Black characters appeared in these early novels, Sordorius, The Sound and the Fury, while in Absalom, Absalom! , Go, Moses, the race issue directly led to the destruction of the two great clans, Sadd and McCarthy. Different from the slaves protected by the masters in the traditional manor literature, the blacks in Faulkner are subjected to bullying and can be arbitrarily impounded by lynching and other non-human treatment. The ravages of black women are often seen. However, the influence of the South's tradition on writers remains elusive. Dilsey, in The Sound and the Fury, was a black man whom he repeatedly praised, praising her for being "brave, bold, generous, tender, honest". However, some black critics criticize it. Margaret Alexander thinks she is "just a loyal, old servant," "for she is a slave, for she is a genius" typically "compassionate, compassionate, sympathetic, and courageous" to the White American tradition. Lee Jenkins also noticed her contentment as a loyal servant, "never allowing any of his children to deviate." Robert Payne Warren stressed that the fate of blacks in Faulkner was only slave Personification of the system. Many of the Negroes he writes are characterized by sorrow and heroism, such as Sam Fazes in Bear. Poor whites are also an important portrayal of Faulkner's novels, and Faulkner calls them "Third Men," whose employment costs are often even lower than those of blacks and live at the bottom of society. In the days of Thomas Sadeben, the number of blacks greatly increased, and upper white people instill racist ideas into the poor in order to create the attachment of the poor to the upper white. This origin of the race problem, in "Absalom, Absalom! "And other works have detailed analysis. Saddam abandoned his black-ex-wife but left her Haitian family business, an attitude that his abandonment was caused by society.The Bendron family at the time I was dying also represented the poor white, and all family members worked hard to finally fulfill their promise to die of their mother. Even in the often "giggle" of Warhol Jones who also reflects human dignity. Charles Bond was the main character in Absalom, Absalom!, he was the southern moral model,who was shaped by Faulkner . He relied on his own hard work to get the recognition of the people around him, not at all. Mr. Commons told him that he could maintain his own white identity, but he insisted on equal rights. Knowing that Henry might kill himself while going to Saddam Hussein, still resolutely went. The state body embodies the rebellion against racism. The Faulkner vision, if the state attains Sadeben's approval, will make the South a peaceful and tranquil region, but the reality ruthlessly shatters this possibility. This tragedy shows that only by completely eliminating racist ideals can the south usher in a bright future. 2. Need for the study As for the need of study, firstly, my goal is discuss the racialism in America by researching how Faulkner shaped the characters and arranged the story,because he was the most famous American writer of Southern.The history of Southern of America is around by racialism, which is the main social problem in the age that Faulkner lived in.As the eyewitness,Faulkner wrote his view and experience down in his works.I can not escape researching Faulkner#8217;s works if my goal is discussing racialism.But before I research Faulkner#8217;s works,I must apprehend a important problem which is the difference between racism and racialism,and which is the real theme discussed in Faulkner,or both of them. 3. Literature review Firstly,I intend to discuss the issue of race and racism in the archaeology of South America,which takes into account contemporary contributions in order to analyse and discuss the subtle functioning of racist thinking and ideas. It also provides a theoretical framework of departure for deconstructing and interpreting race and racism as social and cultural phenomena trying to elucidate the powerful effects implied by racist feelings. In a more general sense, this paper attempts to show that race and racism are still vivid in many social and cultural fields #8211; including scientific and academic ones, functioning sometimes as a powerfully rooted belief. Then In another article, author describe s the racial order of America in the post#8211;Civil Rights era. First, author discuss what racism is all about and emphasize the centrality of conceiving the phenomenon in a structural way. Second, author argue that the ”new racism,” or the set of mostly subtle, institutional, and seemingly nonracial mechanisms and practices that comprise the racial regime of ”post-racial” America, has all but replaced the old Jim Crow order. Third, author describe the racial ideology of color-blind racism and its component parts (i.e., frames, style, and racial stories) and contend that, like the racial order, this new ideology is slippery and has a ”beyond race” character. Fourth, author explain that the Obama moment is part of the new racism, color-blind period and justify my claim empirically. author conclude this essay pondering if people of color will wake up and realize that the new, more ”civil” way of maintaining and justifying racial things is a more formidable way of maintaining racial domination. And I research the plot in Absalom,Absalom!.Absalom, Absalom! is a novel by the American author William Faulkner, first published in 1936. Taking place before, during, and after the Civil War, it is a story about three families of the American South, with a focus on the life of Thomas Sutpen. I could view the same things as in Absalom,Absalom! and in other works of William Faulkner.Abstract With its history of slavery and racial conflict, war and defeat, segregation and lynching, the South is defined by violence and aggression on a personal and community level. This experience defined Southern identity and shaped its literature to mirror the sense of frustration, guilt and shame bursting from the heart of seemingly peaceful, ordered and decent communities. Though some authors tend to see violence as a necessary transgression that will, eventually, through painful sacrifice, lay the foundation of a renewed world, others regard it as a trap or a vicious circle which does not allow the South to grow out of the illusion of a glorious past and accept present changes. William Faulkner#8217; short story Dry September and Harper Lee#8217;s novel To Kill a Mockingbird deal with an alleged accusation of rape, the victim being a white woman, and the culprit, a black man. Focusing more on the white community#8217;s attitude and telling the story from limited perspectives, the two texts investigate less the black man#8217;s tragedy, dwelling more on the white people#8217;s reaction and the manner in which white Southern identity and white supremacy are constructed on a foundation of violence and intolerance.#160; Works Cited Bonilla-Silva,E.The Structure of Racism in Color-Blind, ”Post-Racial” America.American Behavioral Scientist,11,2015:1358-1376 Boyagoda,R.Race, Immigration, and American Identity in the Fiction of Salman Rushdie, Ralph Ellison, and William Faulkner.2010 Boza,G.,Bonilla-Silva,E.Rethinking race, racism, identity and ideology in Latin America,Ethnic and Racial Studies,2013:1485-1489 Curtoni.R.P.Race and racism in South American archaeology,World Archaeology,1,2006:93-108 Eshelman,E.The Use of Spartan in Faulkner#8217;s ABSALOM, ABSALOM!The Explicator,1,2016:15-18 Faulkner,William.Absalom,Absalom!New York City:Modern Library,1993 Mallon,R.Source of Racialism,Journal of Social Philosophy,1,2010,272-292 Milic#259;,I.A.Racial Violence in William Faulkner#8217;s Dry September and Harper Lee#8217;s to Kill a Mockingbird.Linguaculture,1,2012:103-120 Shi,W.[石薇],论《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中的种族主义.现代交际,2001,（5）：14-18 St-Hilaire,D.H.Immigrant West Indian Families and Their Struggles with Racism in America.Journal of Emotional Abuse,2-3,2006:47-60

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

1. Research Topic This paper focuses on the racism meaning in Absalom,Absalom!. To begin with, this paper will briefly describe the characters and plot in Absalom,Absalom! . Then some implying meaning is analyzed. 2. Research Methods Major research methods will include document research and background research Document Research. A document research is a way of gathering, identifying, reorganizing and studying the document in order to develop people#8217;s scientific understanding of the fact. Background research.Linked with history of racism in South Amereca is necessary for researching racism in Absalom,Absalom!.The first reason is author lived in the age of racism popular in South America,and he use his life ad the background of the work.Secondly, knowing history is the way in understanding the story.I will describe the history of racism in America by tracing the American history from colonized by Europeans.