30kgh除湿机的设计毕业论文
2020-04-15 18:11:14
摘 要
空气中水蒸气的含量是一项非常重要的指标,它与人们的生活息息相关。在农业生产与工业生产过程中,对湿度的调节是一个非常重要的环节。我国大部分地区属于亚热带气候区,夏季闷热,冬季湿冷。潮湿的环境会导致各种机器设备和钢铁制品的腐蚀生锈,也会促使一些细菌滋生,导致食物很快就腐烂,给人们的生产生活造成的巨大的损失。由此可见,在我国,除湿技术的需求量特别大。
目前主要的除湿技术有冷却除湿、液体吸附除湿、固体吸附除湿以及热泵除湿。本课题设计的风道除湿机采用冷却除湿技术,具有安装方便、运行安全可靠、结构简单等优点,已近被运用在广泛的领域中。
本论文将围绕除湿机展开,分成四个章节依次介绍了除湿方法的分类、除湿机的工作原理和除湿机行业的现状与未来行情。最后,还提到了一些针对冷冻除湿机的改进方法。其中,着重介绍了本课题设计的除湿机类型——风道除湿机的原理和优缺点。然后介绍了国内外冷却除湿机的发展现状以及市场前景。最后,介绍了现在针对冷却除湿机的一些技术改进方法。
风道除湿主要由以下部件组成:蒸发器、冷凝器、压缩机,还有一些零部件,如接水盘、分液头、热力膨胀阀、储液罐、干燥过滤器等。本论文中的风道除湿机采用冷却除湿技术。所谓冷却除湿,就将湿空气冷却,使它的温度降到露点温度以下,然后再把析出的冷凝水去除。在除湿机的几大系统中,制冷系统是最重要的系统。在制冷系统中,首先由压缩机将制冷剂加压,高温高压的制冷剂进入冷凝器,加热空气和冷却水,然后常温高压的制冷剂进入蒸发器,吸收空气的热量,形成低温低压的的气体,最后再进入压缩机。这样的循环组成了除湿机的制冷系统。
本论文描写的是一台30kg/h风道除湿机的设计。前期工作主要是文献的查阅,其中包括30篇中文文献和5篇英文文献。本课题的第一步为理论计算。首先根据已知的环境参数以及焓湿图,查出湿空气的参数,进而算出蒸发器的热负荷。然后根据发器的热负荷和压缩机性能曲线选取合适的压缩机,根据压缩机的参数的算出实际的最佳风量以及实际的除湿量。由于最佳风量与额定风量相差较远,所以还是选用额定风量来设计。各项所需参数计算出来以后,进行蒸发器和冷凝器的结构计算,确定蒸发器和冷凝器的尺寸。最后,进行总装图与系统图的设计,合理安排各个部件的位置,并按照黄金比例设置机箱尺寸,使除湿机更美观。
关键词:除湿机 蒸发器 冷凝器 压缩机
The design of 30kg/h dehumidifier
Abstract
The amount of water vapor in the air is a very important indicator, which is closely related to people's lives. During production, the adjustment of humidity is a very important link. Most of China belongs to the subtropical climate zone, where it is wet all year round. The humid environment will cause corrosion and rust of various machine, and will also cause some bacteria to breed, causing the food to rot quickly, causing huge losses to people's production and life. It is obvious that in China, the demand for dehumidification technology is particularly large.
At present, the main dehumidification technologies include cooling dehumidification, liquid desiccant dehumidification, solid adsorption dehumidification, and heat pump dehumidification. The air duct dehumidifier designed in this subject adopts the cooling dehumidification technology, which has the advantages of convenient installation, safe and reliable operation, simple structure, etc., and has been used in a wide range of fields.
At first, the types of dehumidification technology are introduced in this paper. Among them, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of the air duct dehumidifier, which is designed by the subject, are highlighted. Then the market prospects of domestic is presented. Finally, some technical improvements to the cooling dehumidifier are shown.
The air duct dehumidifier in this paper adopts the cooling dehumidification technology. Its principle is to first reduce the temperature of the humid air to below the dew point temperature, and then remove the condensed water. The air duct dehumidifier is mainly composed by an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor. The refrigeration system is the most important system for this duct compressor. In the refrigeration system, the refrigerant is first pressurized by the compressor, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the condenser to heat the air and the cooling water, and then the normal-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the evaporator through the throttle valve to absorb the heat of the air, forming the low-temperature and low-pressure gas. Finally, the gas enters the compressor. Such process moves in circles, constituting the refrigeration system of the dehumidifier.
The design of a 30kg/h air duct dehumidifier is described in this paper. The preliminary work is mainly consulting the literature, including 30 Chinese literature and 5 English literature. The first step of this topic is theoretical calculations. First, the parameters of the humid air are detected based on the known environmental parameters and the psychrometric chart, and the thermal load of the evaporator is calculated. Then, according to the thermal load of the evaporator and the performance curve of the compressor, a suitable compressor is selected, with which we can calculate the actual optimal air volume and the actual dehumidification amount. After the required parameters are calculated, the structural calculations of the evaporator and condenser are performed to determine the size of the evaporator and condenser. Finally, the design of the drawing and the system diagram is finished, the position of each component is reasonably arranged, and the size of the crate is set according to the golden ratio, so that the dehumidifier is more beautiful.
Keywords: dehumidifier ; evaporator ; condenser ; compressor
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract III
第一章 绪论 1
第二章 除湿技术简介 2
2.1除湿方法分类 2
2.2冷冻除湿机简介 2
2.2.1冷冻除湿机基本工作过程 3
2.3冷却除湿优缺点 3
2.3.1冷却除湿优点: 3
2.3.2冷却除湿缺点: 3
2.4除湿机行业的现状 4
第三章 冷却除湿机的改进方法 5
3.1两级冷却除湿 5
3.2增设换热器 5
3.3转轮除湿与冷却除湿结合 5
3.4采用热虹吸管 5
3.5本论文研究的内容及意义 5
第四章 计算说明书 7
4.1原始数据 7
4.2制冷循环计算 7
4.2.1湿空气的计算 7
4.3制冷循环系统 9
4.3.1制冷循环设计计算 9
4.3.2系统简图 11
4.3.3压缩机选型 11
4.4实际空气状态参数计算 12
4.4.1确定最佳风量: 12
4.4.2空气实际状态参数和实际除湿量的计算 13
4.5蒸发器设计计算 14
4.5.1确定蒸发器进口与出口空气状态参数 14
4.5.2确定蒸发器的结构参数 14
4.5.3计算部分 14
4.6冷凝器设计 21
4.6.1制冷循环系统计算 21
4.6.2确定冷凝器的结构参数 22
4.6.3冷凝器设计计算 22
第五章 总结与展望 28
参考文献 29
致谢 31
第一章 绪论
现在人们讨论的最多的一个词就是“宜居”,判断一个城市是否宜居最重要的参数之一就是空气湿度。空气太干燥或者太潮湿都不好。南方空气潮湿,北方空气干燥,所以不南不北的江浙沪一直是人们落户的最佳选择。但是江浙沪每到梅雨季节给人的感觉也非常不舒服,因为空气湿度过于大了。首先挂在外面的衣服一连几天都是潮湿的,穿在身上对人的身体也很不好;第二衣柜里的衣服如果不放除湿干燥剂必然会发霉,损坏衣服,这就使细菌有了生产繁殖的机会,对人的身体健康非常不利,尤其是免疫力低下的小孩子;再者,现在的家具一般都是木制的,天气太潮湿会使木制家具腐蚀发霉,大大影响人们的正常生活。除了生活不便,工业方面也有很多不便,就拿电池生产来说,湿度一定不能高,必须维持在一个特定的标准值以下,一旦超过,生产出来的电池就不能达到原有的性能。除了以上两个领域,农业方面对湿度的要求也非常严格。我国人口众多,农业必然是国家的重中之重,十三亿人的存活靠的就是粮食的保存,很多粮食仓库一遇到雨天大批的粮食就变质发霉了,所以粮食仓库必须要保持一个干燥的环境才能更好地储存粮食。
我国大部分地区都处在亚热带,特别是南方地区,一年四季都很潮湿,所以人们对除湿机的需求也越来越高,这就促使很多研究者将精力投入到除湿技术的提升上去。