论文总字数：21535字

摘 要

在当今世界，能源的发展现状，能源和环境工程，是全世界、全人类共同关注的问题，也是现如今研究的重要课题。在社会发展人类进步的同时，我们生存的环境也面临着巨大挑战，全球气候变暖、冰川融化、极地臭氧层遭受破坏、森林面积减少、淡水资源受到威胁，环境保护也成为了我们当前迫在眉睫的重点问题。

湿法FGD工艺是用含有吸收剂的溶液或者浆液在湿状态下进行脱硫和处理脱硫产物，该方法具有脱硫反应速率快、设施简单、脱硫的效率高等优点，但是普遍存在腐蚀相当严重、运行维护成本高及易造成再次污染等问题。在湿法脱硫工艺中，烟气的再热问题将直接影响这整个FGD工艺的成本。由于经过湿法脱硫工艺脱硫后的烟气温度一般较低(45℃），大多都在露点以下，若不通过再加热而直接排入大气，则不仅容易形成酸雾，造成烟囱腐蚀，而且也不利于烟气的扩散。所以湿法FGD工艺装置一般都会配有烟气再热系统。当前，应用较多的是技术上相对较成熟的再生(回转)式烟气热交换器(GGH)。

本脱硫烟气加热器就是用封闭在壳体中管束的管壁作为传热面的间壁式换热器。此种换热器的结构比较简单，操作可靠，可以用各种各样结构材料（主要是金属材料）进行制造，能够在高温、高压下使用，它是目前应用最广的类型。

设计过程中，先由热平衡方程、烟气和蒸气的流量，计算出传热量和中间温度。然后通过选择热管的规格及其结构参数，进而计算出总传热系数。最后确定热管的数量及其排列方式。在烟气和蒸气的流动压力降等各项指标满足设计的前提下，进行结构设计，设计出了本管壳式加热器的施工总图和主要的零部件图。还要考虑积灰、防腐蚀问题以及拆卸安装和运输等问题。

关键词： 加热器，烟气 ，湿法脱硫

200 thousand Nm³/h wet flue gas heater

Abstract

In today's world, energy development, energy and environment, is the whole world, a common concern of humankind, and also an important issue of China's social and economic development. In the development of human society progress at the same time, our living environment also faces enormous challenges, global warming, melting glaciers, polar ozone destruction. The forest area decreased, freshwater resources are threatened, environmental protection has also become the focus of our current imminent.

FGD technology is the wet desulfurization products by solution or slurry containing absorbent desulfurization in wet state and processing, this method has the desulfurization reaction speed, simple equipment, high desulfurization efficiency advantages, but there exist some serious corrosion, the high cost of operation and maintenance and easy to cause two pollution problems. In wet process, the entire FGD the problem of flue gas reheat process directly affects the investment. Because the general temperature wet process through the flue gas after desulfurization was low (45 C), mostly in the dew point, without heating directly into the chimney, it is easy to form acid, corrosion of chimney, is not conducive to gas diffusion. So in wet FGD system Are equipped with flue gas reheat system. At present, the application is more mature technique (rotary) regenerative flue gas heat exchanger (GGH).

The shell and tube heater is closed to bundle in the shell wall as heat transfer surface heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, can be used for various structural materials (mainly metal manufacturing), can be in high temperature, high pressure, is currently the most widely used type should be.

In the design process, the heat balance equation of flue gas and steam inlet, outlet temperature, flow, heat transfer is calculated. Then through the selection of heat pipe specifications and structure parameters, calculate the total heat transfer coefficient. Finally determine the number of heat pipe and its arrangement. In flue gas and steam flow indicators meet the design pressure drop under the premise of structural design, design a general plan of construction of the shell and tube heater and the main parts of the map. Also consider the fouling and corrosion problem of disassembly and installation and transportation and other issues.

Keywords: wet desulfurization, flue gas heater.

目 录

摘 要..........................................................................................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT ……………………………….…….......................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪论.............................................................................................................1

1.1研究背景..............................................................................1

1.2湿法脱硫技术..................................................................................................1

1.2.1石膏法..........................................................1

1.2.2 抛弃法......................................................1

1.3 烟气加热器概述.................................................................................2

1.4 加热器堵塞问题......................................................................3

1.5脱硫过程中的汞污染.....................................................................................3

1.6国内外的湿法脱硫技术对比.......................................................................3

1.7 小结.................................................................................................................5

第二章 20万Nm³/h湿法脱硫烟气加热器热力计算..............................................6

2.1 原始参数........................................................................................................6

2.1.1 基本参数..............................................................................................6

2.1.2 机械水汽化后流量.......................................................................6

2.2 计算传热量.................................................................................................6

2.2.1 烟气侧定性温度及参数.....................................................................6

2.2.2烟气侧实际获得热量....................................................................7

2.2.3蒸汽侧实际获得热量......................................................................8

2.2.4 中间温度...............................................................................8

2.3 过热段计算.......................................................................8

2.3.1热管参数及烟气热物理性质...............................................................8

2.3.2迎风面管排数计算 ........................................................................9

2.3.3 总传热系数计算..........................................................................11

2.3.4所需总根数...................................................................................11

2.3.5 通过换热器的压降计算................................................................11

2.4中间段计算..................................................................................................12

2.4.1热管参数及烟气热物理性质............................................................12

2.4.2迎风面管排数计算 ...........................................................................12

2.4.3 总传热系数计算...........................................................................13

2.4.4所需总根数计算..............................................................................14

2.4.5 通过换热器的压降计算................................................................14

2.5 冷凝段计算.......................................................................14

2.5.1热管参数及烟气热物理性质............................................................14

2.5.2 总传热系数计算...........................................................................16

2.5.3所需总根数计算.................................................................................16

2.5.4通过换热器的压降计算................................................................16

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