摘 要

尾轴承是船舶推进系统的关键结构件，其重要性不言而喻。而以水作为润滑剂的水润滑轴承，由于其环保特性，与油润滑轴承对比鲜明。随着绿色环保理念的提倡，水润滑轴承就受到广泛关注，更是成为了研究的热点。尾轴承的振动问题，也随之成为了研究的重点。有振动，就有噪声，特别是在某些特殊工况之下，还可能出现异常的振动，影响轴承性能，甚至给舰船安全带来隐患。

为了降低影响，有必要对轴承进行振动特性的研究，了解其材料、结构对轴承运行品质的影响。

设计主要内容包括：对轴承进行三维建模、合适的网格划分方法选择、边界条件的施加以及轴承动态特性的分析研究；对轴承进行谐响应分析并得出低阶的谐响应分析结果 。本文应用ANSYS有限元分析软件对水润滑轴承在不同结构、材料参数下的谐响应进行了研究；进而分析了影响水润滑轴承特征频率的因素，讨论了轴承特征频率的影响因素及其影响规律。

关键词：ANSYS；轴承；振动特性；谐响应

Abstract

Stern bearing is the key structure of ship propulsion system, and its importance is self-evident. And with water as a lubricant of water lubricated bearings, because of its environmental characteristics, contrasting with oil lubricated bearings. With the idea of green environmental protection, water lubricated bearing has been widely concerned, it has become a hot research topic. The vibration problem of the stern bearing has become the focus of the study. There is vibration, there is noise, especially in some special conditions, affect bearing performance and even poses a potential threat to the safety of the ship. In order to reduce the influence, it is necessary to study the vibration characteristics of the bearing,

In order to reduce the influence, it is necessary to study the vibration characteristics of the bearing, and to understand the influence of the material and structure on the running quality of the bearing.

The main contents of the design include: the three-dimensional modeling of the bearing, the selection of the appropriate mesh method, the application of boundary conditions and the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the bearing; The harmonic response of the bearing is analyzed and the Low level results of the harmonic response analysis are obtained. In this paper, ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to study the harmonic response of water lubricated bearing under different structure and material parameters; And then analyze the factors that affect the characteristic frequency of water lubricated bearing, in order to determine the influencing factors and the law of bearing characteristic frequency.

Key Words：Ansys；Bearing；Vibration；Harmonic respons

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的背景、目的和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 国内研究现状 1

1.2.2 国外研究现状 2

1.3 课题研究内容、目标 2

1.3.1 课题研究内容 2

1.3.2 课题研究目标 2

第2章 ANSYS有限元分析简介 4

2.1 ANSYS三维建模简介 4

2.1.1 直接法建立有限元模型的单元属性定义 4

2.1.2 由几何模型到有限元网格——间接建模法 4

2.2 ANSYS基本操作介绍 4

2.2.1 网格划分介绍 5

2.2.2 边界条件及载荷介绍 5

2.3 求解类型和分析选项的设置 5

2.4 ANSYS在机械结构分析中的应用 6

2.4.1 热分析 6

2.4.2 流体分析 6

2.4.3 结构分析 7

2.4.4 谐响应分析 7

第3章 轴承模型的谐响应分析 9

3.1 水润滑轴承模型 9

3.1.1 简化模型的建立 9

3.1.2 双层圆筒结构材料尺寸 9

3.2 模型的网格划分 10

3.2.1 内衬有限元模型 10

3.2.2 钢套有限元模型 10

3.2.3 双层结构有限元模型 10

3.3 施加边界条件及载荷 11

3.3.1 边界条件施加 11

3.3.2 施加载荷 12

3.4 谐响应结果分析 12

3.4.1 谐响应分析方法的选择 12

3.4.2 分析结果 13

3.4.3 外层结构响应 16

3.4.4 钢套和内衬结合面响应 16

3.4.5 橡胶内衬响应 17

3.4.6轴承整体响应 17

第4章 结论 19

参考文献 20

致 谢 21