摘 要

船用液压系统用于各类船舶如客船，货船，捕捞船，打捞船等船只中，通过管路传输，装置便可实现各种设定的动作和工作循环，为船舶的航行以及一些操作动作，提供液压动力和智能程序操作，简单可靠易操作。船用液压系统为船舶系统提供根据工作要求向装置中各动作执行元件（如液压缸、液压马达等）提供可控制方向、压力及流量的压力介质（如矿物油或水乙二醇等），通过管路传输，装置便可实现各种设定的动作和工作循环；由于各类液压装置控制要求的多样性，根据用户具体需求进行专业设计、集成。

在此课题中，本人运用各类软件制做的船用液压绞缆机工作原理动画演示和实物拆装录像视频讲解相结合，以动画的形式演示船用液压锚绞机的工作原理和工作过程，用录像讲解结构，力求做到到让学生在课堂上不仅可以轻松弄懂船用液压绞缆机工作原理，明白其工作过程，而且清楚它的结构和管理要点，弥补目前教学中理论学习和实验教学脱离的不足之处，让辅机教学更加贴紧实际，同时增加学生的学习兴趣，改善教学效果。论文主要讲解船用液压锚绞机的结构与工作原理，以便对船用液压锚绞机有一个初步的了解，通过拍摄视频与各种视图的制作加以讲解使学生更加透彻的了解液压锚绞机，使学生们的印象更加深刻。 运用制图软件制作出液压锚绞机零件图与结构图，以便简明阐述液压锚绞机的结构与工作原理。运用会声影音将拍摄好的视频进行剪接处理，并加以配音配图等，使学生能够更加直观的了解液压锚绞机的结构与工作原理。我们这篇论文的重点是锚绞机的手操阀，手操阀内部是一个三位四通阀，利用阀芯的上下运动实现控制三位四通阀的通断，阀芯底部是一个复位弹簧，若无外力施加在手柄上阀芯会保持着进油口（P口）直接接通回油口（O口），使泵出的油直接通过进油口与回油口回到油箱。此外阀体外部还附有安全阀，保证阀体内油压不会过高。这些都会在视频里进行体现，通过视频可以很直观的观察到这些。

近年来随着现代船舶自动化水平的不断提高，船舶上的各类机械都已经开始运用液压系统，如锚绞机、起货机、锚机和舵机都是液压驱动的设备。这些设备在船舶中得重要性不言而喻，液压锚绞机更是因为工作稳定、便于维修多用于中、大型船舶，因此深入了解液压锚绞机对于我们来说很重要。本课题的研究为液压锚绞机的实验教学提供了很大便利，而且通过动画和视频的方式让学生们学习可以极大地提高学生们的积极性。让液压锚绞机的工作原理变得通俗易懂简单明了、使学生能更好的接受知识是这个课题研究的最终目的。

关键词：液压系统；液压绞缆机；视频录像；制图软件

Abstract

The marine hydraulic system is used in various ships such as passenger ships, cargo ships, fishing boats, fishing boats and other ships. through pipeline transmission, the device can realize various set actions and working cycles, providing hydraulic power and intelligent program operation for the navigation of ships and some operation actions, and is simple, reliable and easy to operate. The marine hydraulic system provides the marine system with pressure medium ( such as mineral oil or water glycol ) which can control the direction, pressure and flow rate to various motion execution elements ( such as hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, etc. ) in the device according to the working requirements. by pipeline transmission, the device can realize various set actions and working cycles. Due to the diversity of control requirements of various hydraulic devices, professional design and integration are carried out according to the specific requirements of users.

In this topic, I use all kinds of software to make an animated demonstration of the working principle of the marine hydraulic mooring winch and a video explanation of actual disassembly and assembly to demonstrate the working principle and working process of the marine hydraulic mooring winch in the form of animation. I use the video explanation structure to make every effort to make students not only understand the working principle and working process of the marine hydraulic mooring winch easily in class, but also understand its structure and management key points, make up for the shortcomings of theoretical study and experimental teaching in the current teaching, make auxiliary teaching more practical, at the same time increase students' interest in learning and improve the teaching effect. The paper mainly explains the structure and working principle of the marine hydraulic anchor winch, so as to have a preliminary understanding of the marine hydraulic anchor winch. through the shooting of videos and the production of various views, the students can understand the hydraulic anchor winch more thoroughly and make their impression more profound. Using solid word and other softwares, the part drawing and structure drawing of the hydraulic anchor winch are made in order to briefly explain the structure and working principle of the hydraulic anchor winch. The audio and video will be used to splice the captured video and dubbing it with pictures so that students can have a more intuitive understanding of the structure and working principle of the hydraulic anchor winch. The key point of our paper is the hand-operated valve of the anchor winch. inside the hand-operated valve is a three-position four-way valve, which uses the up-and-down movement of the valve core to control the on-off of the three-position four-way valve. at the bottom of the valve core is a return spring. if no external force is applied to the handle, the valve core will keep the oil inlet ( p port ) directly connected to the oil return port ( o port ), and the pumped oil will return to the oil tank directly through the oil inlet and the oil return port. In addition, a safety valve is attached to the outside of the valve body to ensure that the oil pressure in the valve body is not too high. All these will be reflected in the video, and these can be observed intuitively through the video.

With the continuous improvement of modern ship automation and integration in recent years, hydraulic systems have been widely used in various types of machinery on ships, such as anchor winch, cargo winch, windlass and steering gear, which are all hydraulically driven equipment. The importance of these equipments in ships is self - evident. the hydraulic anchor winch is especially important for us to have a deep understanding of the hydraulic anchor winch because it works stably and is easy to maintain and is mostly used in medium and large ships. The research of this topic provides great convenience for the experimental teaching of hydraulic anchor winch, and through animation and video, students' learning can greatly improve their enthusiasm. Making the working principle of the hydraulic anchor winch simple, clear and easy to understand is the ultimate goal of this research.

Key Words：Hydraulic system; Hydraulic winch; Video recording; Drawing software

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