摘 要

Abstract II

第1章绪论 1

1.1船舶节能减排的必要性和背景 1

1.2论文内容及结构 2

1.2.1主要内容 2

1.2.2研究思路与方法 2

1.2.3论文结构 2

第2章 散货船工作特点分析 3

2.1散货船结构特点分析 3

2.2散货船货物运输特点分析 3

2.2.1配货过程 3

2.2.2装货顺序 4

2.2.3 散货船的排水 5

2.2.4装货注意事项 6

第3章 散货船节能减排技术分类 8

3.1散货船减阻技术 8

3.1.1防污减阻技术 8

3.1.2散货船气泡减阻技术喷气法（空气润滑法） 8

3.1.3船型优化 8

3.1.4散货船纵倾优化 9

3.2开发新能源技术 9

3.3散货船结构优化技术 9

3.3.1调整总纵强度裕度 9

3.3.2增加高强度钢比例 10

3.3.3改进结构布置和细节 10

3.4 散货船智能装载技术 10

第4章 国内外散货船节能减排技术产品调研 11

4.1前置导轮与消涡鳍组合装置 11

4.2新能源的利用 11

4.2.1 船用旋转风筒装置 11

4.2.2 LNG散货船 12

4.3废热能源的利用 13

4.3.1 EGR废气再循环技术 13

4.3.2 燃油乳化技术 13

4.4结构优化 13

4.4.1结构优化方法 13

4.4.2 SK船首 14

4.5节能降耗改进 14

4.5.1线型优化 14

4.5.2总布置优化 14

4.6散货船节油技术 14

4.6.1燃油舱闭式溢流技术 14

4.6.2 FORS快速油回收系统 15

第5章 散货船纵倾优化技术路线研究 16

5.1船舶纵倾的概念 16

5.2船舶纵倾优化的优点 16

5.3船舶纵倾优化分析 16

5.3.1散货船阻力分析 16

5.3.2最佳纵倾 17

5.3.3阻力纵倾曲线 17

5.4纵倾优化技术优化策略 17

5.4.1影响散货船纵倾的因素 17

5.4.2纵倾优化 18

5.4.3 散货船智能纵倾控制系统 18

5.4.4 纵倾优化注意事项 19

第6章 总结与展望 20

6.1总结 20

6.2展望 20

参考文献 22

致 谢 23

摘 要

当前我国物流行业得到了迅速的发展，特别是船舶行业，节能减排的发展趋势是成就船舶行业发展迅速的最大功臣，也是未来船舶行业稳步发展的重要前提。船舶和其他交通业相比，是消耗能量最大的交通工具。而限制船舶行业发展的最大原因恰恰就是全世界的能源危机问题。因此，不断开拓节能减排技术对于船舶设计与制造运行都有着重大意义。所谓节能减排，就是最大程度上减少能源的消耗和环境污染物的排放而不损失船舶推进功率。在全球范围内，我国属于造船大国，因此，为了保证船舶制造行业发展迅速高效，不被时代淘汰，船舶设计制造应兼并高效和经济双重优点。对此，本文概括性分析了散货船节能减排的方法分类及其主要节能减排技术。在同时面临经济市场发展需求与国际竞争压力的背景下，船舶行业迫切需求先进的节能减排技术来提高国际竞争水准和满足市场需求，即不可忽视节能减排技术的发展状态。本文中提到的节能减排技术，有的适用于其他类型船，有的仅适用于散货船。很多技术是融合了各个类型的船舶总结出的节能减排经验，有的是根据散货船自身结构特点设计出的节能减排方法。除了船舶之外，其他领域的也可以参照本文所述的节能减排方法。通过分析国内外散货船相关节能减排技术，进一步类比分析，研究散货船纵倾优化节能技术，进行合理的优化路线研究。

关键字：散货船；节能减排；纵倾优化；

Abstract

At present, China's logistics industry has been developing rapidly, especially in the shipbuilding industry. The development trend of energy saving and emission reduction is the biggest contributor to the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry, and also an important prerequisite for the steady development of the shipbuilding industry in the future. Compared with other transportation industries, ships are the most energy consuming means of transportation. And the biggest reason to restrict the development of the shipbuilding industry is the energy crisis all over the world. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop energy saving and emission reduction technologies for ship design, manufacturing and operation. The so-called energy conservation and emission reduction is to minimize the energy consumption and environmental pollutants emissions without losing the propulsion power of the ship. In the global scope, China is a large shipbuilding country. Therefore, in order to ensure the rapid and efficient development of the shipbuilding industry and not be eliminated by the times, the Shipbuilding Design and manufacturing should merge the advantages of efficiency and economy. In this paper, the classification of energy-saving and emission reduction methods and the main energy-saving and emission reduction technologies of bulk carriers are analyzed. Under the background of economic market development demand and international competition pressure, the ship industry urgently needs advanced energy saving and emission reduction technology to improve the international competition level and meet the market demand, that is, the development state of energy saving and emission reduction technology cannot be ignored. Some of the energy-saving and emission reduction technologies mentioned in this paper are applicable to other types of ships, and some are only applicable to bulk carriers. Many technologies integrate the experience of energy conservation and emission reduction summarized by various types of ships, some of which are energy conservation and emission reduction methods designed according to the structural characteristics of bulk carriers. In addition to ships, other fields can also refer to the energy conservation and emission reduction methods described in this paper. Through the analysis of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies related to bulk carriers at home and abroad, and further analogy analysis, this paper studies the energy-saving technology of trim optimization of bulk carriers, and studies the reasonable optimization route.

Keywords: bulk carrier; energy saving and emission reduction; trim optimizatio

第1章绪论

1.1船舶节能减排的必要性和背景

能源问题一直和各行业的发展速度和发展质量密切相关。我国的基本国策之一其中就有节能减排这么一条，可见国家对于能源消耗和环境保护之关注和看重。因为这关系到全国人民乃至全世界人民的利益问题。国家领导也一直强调并实施解决能源问题从源头做起的策略。国家强调经济的可持续稳定发展，而船舶污染问题为可持续发展带来了很大挑战。