摘 要

当今世界能源发掘与利用已经成为全人类要面临的问题，而对于我国，如何有效利用能源已经成为了必然的重点课题，而摩擦损失又是各种能源转换成机械能所损失能量的一个大项。因此，研究好摩擦性能很有必要。此次研究的主要课题是“缸套材料对缸套-活塞环磨擦副的性能影响”，缸套-活塞环磨擦副是内燃机关键的磨擦副之一，而内燃机有热效率高，结构简单等优点，可以说是能源利用方面的一位大“主顾”。

缸套-活塞环磨擦副具有密封，导热，控油等重要功能，研究好其摩擦性能，对内燃机提高热效率、稳定性等有着非常重大的意义。而不同材料制作的缸套其摩擦系数，强度、耐磨性等差异性明显，本次课题研究是通过对比缸套材料在不同的压力、转速情况下所表现出的不同的摩擦性能来选出对缸套-活塞环摩擦副来说更优异的材料。

论文主要研究了不同工况下缸套材料对缸套-活塞环摩擦副性能的影响。借助Rtec的多功能摩擦磨损试验机对各种不同的材料进行摩擦磨损试验，试验过程中实时采集摩擦副的摩擦力数据，通过试验数据的分析，获取不同材料对缸套-活塞环摩擦副摩擦性能的影响规律。试验后利用表明轮廓测量仪测量磨损表面的三维形貌，通过磨损表面三维形貌及测量参数的分析，获取不同材料对缸套-活塞环摩擦副磨损性能的影响规律。所得结果对于船舶柴油机缸套-活塞环摩擦副的摩擦学设计具有重要的指导意义。研究结果表明：在相同工况条件下，高负载条件下球墨铸铁材料的缸套的缸套-活塞环摩擦副性能要较灰铸铁的优越。低负载条件下灰铸铁材料的缸套的缸套-活塞环摩擦副性能要较球墨铸铁的优越。

关键词：缸套材料；缸套-活塞环；摩擦性能；磨损形貌

Abstract

The energy exploitation and utilization of the world has become a problem that all mankind will face, and for our country, how to use energy effectively has become a necessary key issue, and the loss of friction is a major item of energy conversion into mechanical energy. Therefore, it is necessary to study the frictional properties. The main topic of this study is "the effect of cylinder liner material on the performance of cylinder liner and piston ring friction pair". The cylinder liner and piston ring friction pair is one of the key friction pairs of internal combustion engines, and the internal combustion engine has the advantages of high thermal efficiency and simple structure, which can be said to be a big "patronage" in energy utilization.

The cylinder - piston ring friction pair has important functions such as sealing, heat conduction, oil control and so on. It is of great significance to improve the friction performance of the engine and improve the thermal efficiency and stability of the internal combustion engine. The difference of the friction coefficient, strength and wear resistance of the cylinder liner made by different materials is obvious. This study is to select the better material for the cylinder liner and piston ring friction pair by comparing the different friction properties of the cylinder liner under the different pressure and speed.

This paper mainly studies the influence of cylinder liner material on the performance of cylinder liner piston ring friction pair under different working conditions. The friction and wear tests of various materials are carried out by the multi-functional friction and wear testing machine of Rtec. The friction force data of the friction pairs are collected in real time, and the effect of different materials on the friction performance of the cylinder liner piston ring friction pair is obtained through the analysis of the test data. After the test, the three-dimensional morphology of the worn surface was measured by the profilometry, and the influence of different materials on the wear performance of the cylinder piston ring friction pair was obtained by the analysis of the three-dimensional morphology and measurement parameters of the worn surface. The obtained results have important guiding significance for tribological design of friction pairs of cylinder liner piston rings of marine diesel engines.

The results show that under the same condition, the performance of the cylinder sleeve piston ring friction pair of the cylinder liner of the ductile iron material under the condition of high load is superior to that of the gray iron. Under low load conditions, the performance of the cylinder liner piston ring friction pair of gray cast iron is superior to that of ductile iron.

Key words: cylinder liner material; cylinder liner piston ring; tribological properties; wear morphology

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景以及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 缸套材料的应用及进展 2

1.2.2 缸套-活塞环摩擦副的研究进展 3

1.3 本文研究主要内容 4

第2章 实验设备 5

2.1 前言 5

2.2 摩擦磨损实验设备 5

2.3 表面形貌测量设备 6

2.4 本章小结 6

第3章 不同缸套材料的缸套-活塞环磨损试验 7

3.1 前言 7

3.2 试验 7

3.2.1 试验准备 7

3.2.2 摩擦磨损试验 8

3.3 数据处理与分析 9

3.3.1 不同材料对摩擦性能的影响及分析 9

3.3.2 不同负载条件对摩擦性能的影响及分析 11

3.3.3 不同转速条件对摩擦性能的影响及分析 12

3.4 本章小结 13

第4章 不同缸套材料的缸套-活塞环表面形貌测量试验 15

4.1 前言 15

4.2 试验 15

4.2.1 试验准备 15

4.2.2 形貌测量试验 16

4.3 数据处理与分析 16

4.3.1 评定基准 17

4.3.2 不同材料的表面形貌与分析 18

4.3.3 不同负载条件下的表面形貌与分析 19

4.3.4 不同转速条件下的表面形貌与分析 20

4.4 本章小结 21

第5章 结论与展望 22

5.1 主要结论 22

5.2 研究展望 22

参考文献 24

致谢 25