论文总字数：25300字

摘 要

地震是一种具有普遍性和突发性的地质灾害，它爆发出的惊人破坏力甚至能让一座城市顷刻间化为废墟，严重危害人类的生命安全，并且给社会经济带来巨大损失。InSAR技术作为一种新型空间对地观测技术，具有高分辨率和准时监测的特点，它的出现给很多领域带来了巨大的变革，特别是在大地测量学领域，这项技术的应用已经非常普遍和成熟。InSAR技术的迅速发展，给地震领域的研究开辟了一条新途径。

本毕业设计就2019年11月26日发生在阿尔巴尼亚境内的M 6.4地震作为研究对象，以哨兵雷达卫星遥感数据作为数据源，对此次地震的同震形变场进行提取，然后基于地震位错理论建立断层模型，最后通过对地震参数的反演结果进行分析，以理解此次地震的震源机制。本文的研究内容主要包括以下几点：

1、详细介绍了InSAR的基本概念、工作原理和数据处理流程，同时简要介绍了D-InSAR和二轨法，另外对Okada弹性位错模型理论做了简单阐述。

2、对2019年阿尔巴尼亚地震的概况和地质构造背景做了详细说明，利用哨兵数据获取了本次地震的InSAR同震形变场，结果显示，此次地震引起的形变以隆升形变为主，最大形变量约为8 cm。

3、以Okada弹性位错模型理论为基础，构建合理的断层模型，采用线性反演的方法获取断层滑动分布图以及震源参数，结果显示，此次地震的矩震级约为Mw 6.3，地震矩约为 N.m，断层滑动主要集中在11-16 km深度处，最大滑动量为0.6 m，这是一次纯逆冲型地震。

4、根据实验结果，结合地质构造背景和震源机制解，本文认为2019年阿尔巴尼地震是由于非洲板块和欧亚大陆板块的汇聚变形造成的，在两板块交汇处发育有逆冲断层。

关键词：InSAR 阿尔巴尼亚地震 同震形变场 断层滑动分布

Study on the focal mechanism of the Albanian earthquake in 2019 based on Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data

Abstract

Earthquake is a kind of geological disaster with universality and suddenness. Its shocking destructive force can even make a city turn into ruins in an instant, seriously endanger the safety of human life, and bring huge losses to the society.As a new type of space earth observation technology, InSAR technology has the characteristics of high resolution and real-time monitoring. Its emergence has brought great changes to many fields, especially in the field of geodesy. The application of this technology has been very common and mature.Its rapid development has opened a new path for the study of earthquake.

This graduation design is on November 26, 2019 in Albania, M6.4 earthquake as the research object, the Sentinel-1 InSAR data as data sources, coseismic deformation field of the quake was extracted, and then based on the theory of dislocation earthquake fault model is set up, and finally by the inversion results of seismic parameters were analyzed, and to understand the earthquake focal mechanism.The research content of this paper mainly includes the following points:

1. The basic concept, working principle and data processing process of InSAR are introduced in detail, and d-insar and two-rail method are also briefly introduced. In addition, the theory of Okada elastic dislocation model is briefly expounded.

2. The general situation and geological structure background of the Albanian earthquake in 2019 were described in detail. Then, the InSAR coseismic deformation field of this earthquake was obtained by using the sentinel data, and the deformation field was analyzed, and it was concluded that this was a thrust earthquake with uplift deformation, with the maximum shape variable of about 8cm.

3.On the basis of Okada elastic dislocation model theory, build reasonable fault model, adopt the method of linear inversion to obtain fault slip distribution and source parameters, the results show that the earthquake of 6.313 Mw, seismic moment about N.m, the distribution of fault slip area mainly concentrated in the 11-16 km along the fault strike, maximum sliding momentum is 0.6 m, this is a pure thrust earthquake.

4. According to the experimental results, combined with the geological tectonic background and multi-source source mechanism solution, it is analyzed that the M6.4 albani earthquake in 2019 was caused by the convergence of the African plate and the Eurasian continental plate, and a thrust fault was generated near the intersection.

Key Words: InSAR；Albania earthquake；coseismic deformation field；fault slip distribution

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 国内研究现状 2

1.2.2 国外研究现状 3

1.3 存在的问题和发展趋势 4

1.4 主要研究内容 4

1.5 研究技术路线 5

1.6 论文章节安排 6

第二章 InSAR基本理论与方法 7

2.1. InSAR技术简述 7

2.1.1 InSAR基本原理 7

2.1.2 InSAR数据处理流程 9

2.2 D-InSAR概念及基本原理 10

2.3 Okada弹性位错模型理论 10

2.4 本章小结 11

第三章 阿尔巴尼亚地震及InSAR同震形变场 12

3.1 阿尔巴尼亚地震构造背景 12

3.1.1 2019年阿尔巴尼亚M 6.4级地震简述 12

3.1.2地质构造背景 13

3.2 同震形变场的提取 14

3.2.1 Sentinel-1简介 14

3.2.2 实验数据的获取 14

3.2.3 同震形变分析 16

3.3 本章小结 17

第四章 阿尔巴尼亚地震断层滑动分布反演 18

4.1 断层滑动分布反演参数配置 18

4.1.1反演数据的准备 18

4.1.2断层参数的约束 19

4.2反演结果的分析和讨论 21

4.3本章小结 22

第五章 结论与展望 23

5.1 结论 23

5.2 展望 23

参考文献 25

致谢 29

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景及意义

2019年11月26日阿尔巴尼亚首都地拉那的西北30公里处发生M 6.4地震，震中位于北纬41.55度，东经19.40度，震源深度达到了10 km，此次地震造成大量人员伤亡，并给当地带来巨大财产损失。阿尔巴尼亚处于地中海-喜马拉雅地震带上，在地质构造上，是一个典型的前陆褶皱冲断带。在非洲和欧亚大陆交汇的边界地区，地中海的构造很复杂，涉及到很多板块的运动^[1]。

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