摘 要

Abstract 4

1绪 论 6

1.1本文研究的背景 6

1.2本文研究的意义和目的 6

1.3本文研究的主要内容 7

2蛛网模型分析方法 8

2.1蛛网模型理论 8

2.2蛛网模型的运用领域和运用现状 8

3国内外轮毂电机驱动技术的发展历程及应用现状 9

3.1轮毂电机技术的发展历程 9

3.1.1阶段：1900年-20世纪末 9

3.1.2阶段：2001年-2010年 10

3.1.3阶段：2011年-2018年 11

3.2国内外轮毂电机驱动车辆应用现状 12

3.2.1国外轮毂电机驱动车辆应用现状 12

3.2.2国内轮毂电机驱动车辆应用现状 13

4国内外轮毂电机的结构形式的对比分析 15

4.1轮毂电机驱动技术要求 15

4.2轮毂电机结构的对比分析 15

4.2.1内转子轮毂电机 15

4.2.2外转子轮毂电机 17

4.2.3两种轮毂电机关键技术的对比 18

4.3轮毂电机现存在的问题及解决方案 20

4.3.1轮毂电机转矩脉动问题 20

4.3.2永磁体退磁问题 20

4.3.3电机冷却和散热问题 21

5国内外电机驱动系统的布置形式的对比分析 22

5.1电机驱动技术 22

5.1.1中央电机驱动技术 22

5.1.2电驱动桥技术 23

5.1.3轮边电机驱动技术 24

5.1.4轮毂电机驱动技术 26

5.2四种电机驱动技术的比较和分析 26

5.3轮毂电机驱动系统现存问题及解决方案 28

5.3.1非簧载质量问题 28

5.3.2垂向振动负效应问题 28

5.3.3在整车上的集成应用问题 29

5.4电机驱动技术的应用和发展 29

6轮毂电机驱动技术发展趋势及展望 31

6.2发展趋势 31

6.3展望 32

参考文献 34

致 谢 36

摘 要

随着传统能源的加速消耗，新能源汽车成为汽车行业的重要发展对象，其中一项就是轮毂电机驱动技术。轮毂电机驱动汽车与传统内燃机驱动汽车相比，拥有节能省空间和高的能量利用率的优点，但同时也存在明显的不足和缺点：增大了转动惯量和电制动性能有限。轮毂电机驱动技术在新能源汽车领域颇具有前瞻性，它代表着电动汽车发展的终态。但由于目前轮毂电机驱动技术的不成熟，且尚处于研发的阶段之中，导致它还不能投入到市场应用当中去。因为在各方面它还存在各种不足和缺陷，所以还有待各国汽车产业和科研机构进行完善，因此就呈现出了百家争鸣的态势。其中主要表现在轮毂电机结构形式和车辆底盘结构布置这两个方面。现在世界上很多车企和研究公司都以轮毂电机驱动技术为研发热点，相信在不久之后将在纯电动汽车中拥有广阔的应用前景。

本文主要研究了国内外轮毂电机驱动车辆的轮毂电机结构形式和整车驱动系统布置方面的技术路径的差异。首先针对轮毂电机的发展历程提出了总结性的概述，并通过查阅资料和搜索数据阐述了国内外轮毂电机驱动车辆的应用现状。接着在轮毂电机本身的结构上针对内转子轮毂电机和外转子轮毂电机进行了论述，并结合轮毂电机在国内外的应用技术路径上进行了对比分析。其次，通过对比分析国内外电动汽车在整车驱动系统上的布置方式的区别，论述中央电机驱动系统、电驱动桥系统、轮边电机驱动系统和轮毂电机驱动系统这四种电机驱动系统的不同之处，并结合实例对比分析出这四种驱动系统的优缺点。最后，通过阐述轮毂电机驱动现存在和有待解决的问题，并通过分析得出轮毂电机发展趋势，希望早日能解决轮毂电机技术存在的问题和缺陷，早日将轮毂电机驱动技术广泛的应用到现实生活当中去，成为纯电动汽车发展的又一新局面。

研究成果表明：本文通过对比分析国内外轮毂电机结构形式，得出内转子轮毂电机的主要不同在于减速机构上，外转子轮毂电机的主要不同在于电机内部结构上。通过对比分析国内外电机驱动系统，得出中央电机驱动向分布式驱动的逐步发展，并且得出各种驱动系统的优缺点。

本文的特色在于：运营蛛网模型的方法，在第三章中，将内外转子轮毂电机的结构形式各种性能比较通过蛛网图展现出来。在第四章中，将四种主流的电机驱动系统运用蛛网图来进行各种性能上的比较。

关键词：电动汽车；轮毂电机；技术路径

Abstract

With the acceleration of the consumption of traditional energy, the new energy automobile has become an important development direction of the automobile industry, one of which is the technology of hub motor drive.Wheel hub motor driven car compared with the traditional internal combustion engine drive vehicle, with energy saving province space and the advantages of high energy utilization rate, but there are obvious shortcomings and defects: increasing the moment of inertia and electric braking performance is limited.Hub motor drive technology is quite forward-looking in the field of new energy vehicles, it represents the end of the development of electric vehicles.However, due to the immaturity of hub motor drive technology and the fact that it is still in the research and development stage, it cannot be applied in the market.Because it still has various shortcomings and defects in various aspects, it still needs to be improved by the automobile industry and scientific research institutions of various countries, so it has presented a situation of hundreds of contention.The main performance is in the hub motor, vehicle chassis structure layout these two aspects.Now many car companies and research companies in the world take hub motor drive technology as the research and development hotspot, and believe that it will have a broad application prospect in pure electric vehicles in the near future.

In this paper, the differences between the hub motor itself and the layout of the whole vehicle drive system are studied.Firstly, a summary of the development process of hub motor is presented, and the application status of hub motor driving vehicles at home and abroad is expounded by referring to data and searching data.Then on the structure of the wheel hub motor itself and the outer rotor hub for inner rotor wheel motor, motor are discussed, and combined with hub motor in the application of the technology at home and abroad has carried on the comparative analysis on the path.Secondly, through comparison and analysis of electric vehicles at home and abroad on the vehicle drive system the layout of the difference, the central motor drive system, electric drive axle system, wheel motor drive system and wheel motor drive system the difference between the four kinds of motor drive system, and combining the instance analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these four kinds of drive system.Finally, the paper wheel motor drive with existing problems to solve, and development trend through analysis of the wheel hub motor, hope to solve the problems and defects existing in the wheel hub motor technology, can help bring wheel motor drive technology is widely applied to the real life, the development of pure electric vehicles, and the new situation.