摘 要

齿轮在运转时，会产生扭矩，本文通过光纤光栅传感技术对扭矩进行测量，得到一个扭矩信号，然后对扭矩信号进行处理与分析，由于齿轮产生故障以后，其刚度会发生变化，刚度变化导致扭矩信号在频域上发生变化，通过libsvm对故障齿轮扭矩信号与健康齿轮扭矩信号进行分类，可以检测出齿轮是否已存在故障，对存在故障的齿轮扭矩信号进一步处理，通过频域分析（短时傅里叶变换）、时域分析（时域平均法）对齿轮故障进行定位，找出故障点，从而可以进行及时维护。本文对于齿轮故障诊断的研究具有重要的指导意义。

论文主要研究了利用光纤光栅技术测量齿轮扭矩以及对测量结果进行处理与分析，诊断齿轮故障的方法。

研究结果表明：利用光纤光栅技术测量齿轮扭矩的方法来诊断齿轮故障具有很好的效果，对于齿轮故障诊断的研究具有重要意义。

本文的特色：利用光纤光栅技术测量齿轮扭矩，利用libsvm检测齿轮故障，综合利用频域与时域分析诊断齿轮故障。

关键词：扭矩，光纤光栅，libsvm，短时傅里叶变换，时域平均，故障诊断

ABSTRACT

Gear during operation, will produce torque, the torque is measured based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, get a torque signal, and then the torque signal processing and analysis, due to the gear fault, the stiffness change, stiffness changes lead to changes in frequency domain of signal, the fault gear torque signal by libsvm and health gear torque signal classification, can detect whether the existing gear fault, the existence of fault gear torque signal further processing, through the analysis of the frequency domain (short time Fourier transform), the time domain analysis (the time average method) was carried out on the gear fault location, find out the fault point, which can be timely maintenance.In this paper for gear fault diagnosis research has important guiding significance.

Thesis mainly studies the technique of using fiber Bragg grating measuring gear torque as well as to deal with the measured results and analysis, the method of diagnosis of gear faults.

The results show that by using fiber Bragg grating measuring gear torque method to diagnose the fault gear has the very good effect, for gear fault diagnosis research is of great significance.

This article features: using the technology of fiber grating measuring gear torque and to detect gear faults using libsvm, comprehensive utilization of frequency domain and time domain analysis of gear fault diagnosis.

KEY WORDS:torque;fiber Bragg grating;libsvm;short-time Fourier transform;the time

domain average;fault diagnosis

目 录

第1章 绪论...................................................................................................................................1

1.1 本课题的研究目的及意义..................................................................................................1

1.2 齿轮故障诊断方法的研究现状..........................................................................................1

1.3 本文的研究内容..................................................................................................................4

第2章 扭矩测量传感器的研究...................................................................................................5

2.1 扭矩概述..............................................................................................................................5

2.2 扭矩测量的传感器..............................................................................................................5

2.2.1 扭矩测量传感器分类...................................................................................................5

2.2.2 各种扭矩测量传感器的特点.......................................................................................5

2.3 光纤光栅传感技术测量扭矩的原理..................................................................................6

第3章 扭矩测量方法...................................................................................................................8

3.1 实验系统的基本组成..........................................................................................................8

3.1.1 实验机械装置...............................................................................................................8

3.1.2 信号采集与记录系统.................................................................................................10

3.2 扭矩信号处理与分析........................................................................................................10

3.2.1 扭矩信号处理.............................................................................................................10

3.2.2 小结与体会.................................................................................................................12

第4章 齿轮故障检测方法研究..................................................................................................13

4.1 libsvm介绍..........................................................................................................................13

4.2 libsvm的使用方法..............................................................................................................13

4.3 基于libsvm的齿轮故障检测.............................................................................................14

第5章 齿轮故障诊断方法研究..................................................................................................17

5.1 时域分析............................................................................................................................17

5.1.1 时域平均法概述.........................................................................................................17

5.1.2 齿轮故障诊断方法之时域平均法.............................................................................18

5.2 频域分析............................................................................................................................21

5.2.1 短时傅里叶变换的概念.............................................................................................21

5.2.2 基于spectrogram的齿轮故障诊断方法.....................................................................21

第6章 总结..................................................................................................................................25