论文总字数：28942字

摘 要

氨冷器是氨合成反应中的一种重要的换热设备。由于氨是一种易冷凝的气体，多采用冷凝的方式回收氨。而氨合成反应是可逆加热反应，氨冷器的作用是降温使反应向氨合成方向进行并利于氨液化分离，使生成物减少，最大限度回收氨。

本文概述了换热设备的发展状况，着重从结构设计、工艺计算、强度校核等方面对氨冷器进行了系统阐述。并参照设计参数，按GB151-1999《管壳式换热器》 、GB150-2011《压力容器》等标准进行设计。压力试验采用水压试验和100%氨泄漏试验。

本设备采用异径筒体的壳程换热结构，容积较大，加大了气液相停留时间。换热器管程介质为合成气，易燃易爆，管箱设计厚度较大，加工和焊接难度较大；同时管程压力为高压，密封结构采用平垫密封，管板与换热管采用胀焊并用（强度焊 贴胀）的连接方法。由于壳程介质氨的应力腐蚀的问题，在使用过中应加强防护。

关键词：氨冷器、工艺计算、强度校核、水压试验、应力腐蚀

Abstract

Ammonia cooler is one of the important of ammonia synthesis reaction heat exchange equipment. As ammonia is a condensate gas, more than with the method of condensate recovery of ammonia. And ammonia synthesis reaction is reversible heating reaction, the effect of ammonia cooler cool is the reaction to the direction of the ammonia synthesis and separation for liquefied ammonia, reduce products, the maximum recovery of ammonia.

This article summarizes the development of heat exchange equipment, emphatically from the structure design, process calculation, strength check of the ammonia cooler system in this paper. And refer to the design parameters, according to the standard of GB151-1999 "tube - shell heat exchanger"、GB150-2011 "pressure vessel" and so on to carry on the design. Pressure test use water pressure test and 100% ammonia leak test.

This equipment adopts the cylinder diameter of shell side heat exchanger structure, volume is larger, more liquid gas residence time. Medium for inner wall of the heat exchanger tube passes, the synthesis gas, flammable and explosive, the thickness of the tube box design is bigger, the machining and welding is difficult; Tube side pressure for high pressure at the same time, the sealing structure adopts flat gasket seal, tube plate and the heat exchange tube using bilge welding and welding (strength stick expansion) connection methods. Because of the shell side medium ammonia stress corrosion problems, we should strengthen the protection in used.

Key words: Ammonia cooler, Process calculation, Intensity check, Water pressure test, The stress corrosion

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

第二章 结构设计 3

2.1折流挡板 3

2.2 法兰 3

2.3 换热管 4

2.4支座 4

2.5压力容器选材原则 5

2.6 垫片 5

第三章 设计计算 7

3.1工艺计算 7

3.1. 1传热面积预计算 7

3.1.2换热器工艺计算及部分结构计算 9

3.1.2.2定性温度与物性参数 10

3.1.2.3物料与热量衡算 10

3.1.2.4有效平均温差 10

3.1.2.5初算传热面积 11

3.1.2.6换热器结构设计 11

3.1.2.7管程传热与压降 12

3.1.2.8壳程传热与压降 13

3.1.2.9总传热系数 14

3.1.2.10传热面积与壁温核算 15

3.1.3换热器主要结构参数和设计结果一览表 15

3.2强度计算 16

3.2.1确定筒体直径 16

3.2.2大筒体壁厚的确定 16

3.2.3大筒体的液压试验 17

3.2.4小筒体壁厚的确定 17

3.2.5小筒体的液压试验 18

3.2.6封头厚度的计算 18

3.2.7法兰的选择 19

3.2.8接管法兰的选择 20

3.2.9U形管换热器管板计算 20

3.2.10是否安装膨胀节的判定 25

3.2.11. 折流板的选择 25

3.2.11.1选型 25

3.2.11.2折流板尺寸 25

3.2.11.3换热管无支撑跨距或折流板间距 25

3.2.11.4折流板厚度 25

3.2.11.5折流板直径 26

3.2.12. 接管及开孔补强 26

3.2.13. 管箱短节壁厚的计算 28

3.2.14 拉杆和定距管的确定 28

3.2.15分程隔板厚度选取 29

结语 30

参考文献 31

致谢 32

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