论文总字数：20112字

摘 要

塑料是必不可少的人工合成材料，但是废弃塑料的处理问题一直是当今社会讨论争论的热点问题，掩埋？占用土地，焚烧？污染环境，简单处理？成品单一，利用价值低。那有没有一种既节能环保，又回收利用后产品使用价值好的废旧塑料处理方法？答案是肯定的，本文就超临界水液化废物塑料制油展开研究与实验。

超临界水液化废物速来哦技术始于上个世纪90年代，人们发现超临界条件下难以降解处理的乙烯塑料制品可以被液化，降解，生成油状产品，以C6~C10的混合芳烃类物质，从而为塑料制油打下了理论基础。

于是对超临界水液化废塑料制油进行各项实验研究，得出研究成果，与具体研究内容如下：

由于超临界技术对于废塑料再利用处理的优势，固设计一套100kg/h超临界水液化制油成套装备，在设计之前用小型实验设备模拟并实验了在不同温度，压强，反应时间的情况下对废旧塑料液化的影响，还实验了不同类型塑料如PE PET PA等在超临界条件下的液化情况，并通过实验数据得出最利于液化制油的温度，压强，反应时间，催化剂和废旧塑料塑料类型配比，并对超临界液化制油反应器进行了设计，配套设计换热器与加热器，并对经济性进行核算。

关键词：废旧塑料 超临界水 实验研究 成套装置 经济核算

ABSTRACT

Plastic is an indispensable synthetic material in human life, which is involved in all aspects of human life including food, medical care, etc. However, the treatment problem after the use of plastic has long been the issue for people to explore. Burying? Taking up the land and burning it up? Or polluting the environment with simple treatment? As the finished products of waste plastics are homogeneous, their use are of low value. Is there any kind of environmentally friendly and recyclable processing method of waste plastics that can make them have good value after treatment? The answer is yes, and this paper will discuss the research and experiment on supercritical water liquefaction of waste plastics and the subsequent oil production.

The supercritical water liquefaction technology of waste originated in the 90s of last century. It has been found that in supercritical conditions, those ethylene plastic products which are difficult to degrade easily can be liquefied, degraded, and form oil products, mostly C6 ~ C10 mixed aromatic hydrocarbons. This has laid a theoretical foundation for oil production from plastic.

We have conducted various experimental studies on the supercritical water liquefaction of waste plastics and its production of oil. The obtained research results and specific research process are as follows:

Due to the advantages of supercritical technology for the recycling of waste plastics, a set of 100 kg/h supercritical water liquefied oil production equipment was designed. Before that, the effects of different temperatures, pressures and reaction times on the liquefaction of waste plastics were simulated and experimented in a small laboratory equipment. The liquefaction conditions of different types of plastics such as PE, PET, PA in supercritical status have also been studied. Accordingly, the experimental data were obtained including the optimum temperature, pressure, reaction time, catalyst and waste plastic type ratio. The supercritical liquefied oil reactor was designed and the heat exchangers and heaters were designed to support. The economic accounting was also conducted.

Key words：Waste plastic; Supercritical water; Experimental study; Complete sets of equipment; Economic accounting

目 录

摘要 II

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景及意义 1

1.2废旧塑料成分特性 2

1.3废旧塑料的处理现状 3

1.4超临界水在废塑料液化的应用 4

1.4.1超临界水 4

1.4.2超零界水液化废物塑料 4

1.4.3总结 6

第二章 废旧塑料超临界水液化制油工艺 7

2.1 典型水膜反应器及其工艺流程 7

2.2废旧塑料超临界水液化制油工艺流程 8

2.3废旧塑料超临界水液化制油实验研究 9

2.3.1原料配比（H₂O:废旧塑料）对超临界水解反应的影响 9

2.3.2反应时间对超临界水解反应的影响 10

2.3.3反应温度对超临界水解反应的影响 10

2.3.4实验数据处理 11

3.1 系统的主体设备设计 13

3.2 反应器的设计计算 13

3.2.1反应器筒体的设计 13

3.2.2反应器封头的设计 14

3.2.3法兰的设计选型 14

3.2.4工艺接管的设计 15

3.2.5支座的选型 15

3.2.6泵的选型 15

3.2.7加热棒的选型 16

3.2 加热器的设计计算 16

3.3 换热器的设计 17

3.3.1换热器的设计计算 17

第四章 超临界水氧化系统过程经济评价 21

4.1超临界萃取装置的投资估算 21

4.1.1单元设备价格估算 21

4.1.2总投资估算 21

4.2总成本费用估算与分析 22

4.3固定成本与变动成本 23

4.4盈亏平衡分析 23

第五章 结论与展望 38

5.1结论 38

5.2展望 38

参考文献 39

致 谢 42

第一章 绪论

1.1课题背景及意义

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