摘 要

反击式破碎机在各行各业都有着相当广泛的应用，尤其是在矿山机械方面有着极为广泛的应用，本文所设计的PF1520型反击式破碎机也主要是针对矿山机械进行结构设计，完成对于石灰石、砂岩等物料的破碎。破碎机有着悠久的历史，时至今日，国内外对于反击式破碎机的需求依然很大。因此，本文对于PF1520型反击式破碎机的设计具有很大的实际意义。

本文的设计过程是，基于给定的转子尺寸，选择与之对应的生产能力，完成各个零部件的尺寸计算及结构设计，并校核其强度是否达标，进而完成整体的设计。在整体设计完成的基础上，实现对材料选择的优化以及对于安装位置、尺寸等的确定。在安装的同时兼顾考虑到后期维修、拆卸等方面的问题，以保证本次设计的实用性和经济性。

关键词：反击式破碎机；转子；材料；强度

Abstract

Impact crusher in all walks of life have a wide range of applications, especially in the mining machinery has a very wide range of applications, this paper designed PF1520 type impact crusher is also mainly for the mining machinery structural design to complete the limestone, Sandstone and other materials broken. Crusher has a long history, today, at home and abroad for the demand for counterattack crusher is still great. Therefore, this paper for the PF1520 type impact crusher design has great practical significance.

The design process of this paper is to select the corresponding production capacity based on the given rotor size, complete the size calculation and structural design of each component, and check the strength, and then complete the overall design. On the basis of the overall design, the optimization of the material selection and the determination of the installation position, size and so on are realized. In the installation at the same time taking into account the late maintenance, demolition and other issues to ensure that the design of the practicality and economy.

Key Words：Impact Crusher；Rotor；Material；Strength

目 录

第1章 绪论··································································································1

1.1 反击式破碎机的分类和国内外发展情况 1

1.1.1 反击式破碎机的分类 1

1.1.2 反击式破碎机国内外发展情况 1

1.2 反击式破碎机的工作特点 1

1.3本文研究的主要内容和技术路线·······························································2

1.3.1本文研究的主要内容·······································································2

1.3.2技术路线······················································································2

1.4 反击式破碎机的工作原理 3

1.5 石灰石破碎时破碎机的选择及结构构成 4

第2章 反击式破碎机的主要参数设计·································································5

2.1 反击式破碎机总体设计 5

2.1.1 转子转速的计算 5

2.1.2 转子线速度的计算 6

2.1.3 破碎功率的计算 6

2.1.4 电动机的选择 7

2.2皮带轮设计 7

2.2.1 皮带的选型 7

2.2.2 大小皮带轮直径设计 7

2.2.3 皮带轮位置布置 8

2.2.4 皮带根数的确定 9

2.2.5 计算初拉力与对轴压力 9

第3章 反击式破碎机转子设计及破碎腔设计······················································11

3.1 反击式破碎机转子设计 11

3.1.1 转子结构 11

3.1.2 板锤的结构形式与数目 11

3.2 转子轴的设计 12

3.3 轴承的选择及校核 14

3.4 反击式破碎机破碎腔布置 15

3.5 反击板悬挂装置设计 16

第4章 其他零件的选择与零部件间的公差配合····················································17

4.1 其他零件的选择 18

4.1.1 电机选择 18

4.1.2 键的选择 18

4.1.3 密封与防尘 18

4.1.4 防振装置 19

4.1.5 缓冲装置 19

4.1.6 机架的结构设计 19

4.2 零部件间的公差配合 19

4.2.1 一般公差的选取 19

4.2.2 配合的类别选择 20

4.2.3 配合类别的选择 20

第5章 结论·································································································21

参考文献·····································································································22

致谢···········································································································23

第1章 绪论

1.1 反击式破碎机的分类和国内外发展情况

1.1.1 反击式破碎机的分类

（1）按照转子数目的多少可以分为：单转子反击式破碎机和双转子反击式破碎机。

（2）按照篦板的有无情况可分为：带匀整篦板反击式破碎机和不带匀整反击式破碎机。

（3）按照板锤的安装形式可分为：螺栓安装型、嵌入安装型和楔块安装型。

1.1.2 反击式破碎机国内外发展情况

基于反击式破碎机的工作特性主要是通过打击作用破碎诸多物料，破碎机的这一特性使得反击式破碎机的锤头与反击板等部件相当容易损坏，因此其可以适用的范围也比较有限，只能用于部分中硬度物料的破碎。向前追溯到上世纪50年代初，德国的一家公司首次向全世界推出了硬岩反击式破碎机^[13]，时至今日，这种硬岩式反击式破碎机的改进型机型仍然应用广泛。

直到后来80年代末，上海的一家机器建设厂引进了上面所述的硬岩式反击式破碎机，这才弥补了我国在破碎机这一领域一直以来所存在的空白，但却依然被国外领先许多年。最开始我国引进的硬岩反击式破碎机，其各类零部件大多都依赖于外国引进。“八五”期间，国产自主研制板锤被列为当时的重要科研项目。经过诸多前辈不懈的努力，终于完成了对于反击式破碎机的攻关。项目成功后，我国自主开发生产的板锤不仅能够满足自身的需求，还可以大量出口到国外^[3]。发展到现在，我国的反击式破碎机生产水准已然可以跻身世界前列。