摘 要

齿轮是传递运动和动力的关键零件，在机械设备中应用广泛。当齿轮出现故障后，机械设备的工作性能下降，甚至有可能无法工作。因此齿轮故障检测技术的准确性、及时性非常重要。

齿轮测试实验台主要用实验的方法探究齿轮传动的各类失效形式并测定其承载能力、传动效率及相关性能。本文主要进行齿轮传动测试实验台测试系统的设计，其中主要包括齿轮振动信号测取模块、噪声信号测取模块、温度控制模块、驱动模块、加载模块以及扭矩测量模块的设计。并对主要测量设备例如扭矩传感器、振动加速度传感器、噪音计等以及主要控制设备例如温控仪、加载器、电机等进行选型。本实验台对故障齿轮进行测试，通过测量系统测取齿轮和齿轮箱的噪音、振动信号以及扭矩和转速等信号，然后通过数据采集仪将数据传输到计算机中进行保存，最后通过对信号进行分析，进而实现对齿轮的故障诊断。

关键词：齿轮；故障诊断；开放式实验台；测试系统

Abstract

The gear is an integral part of the mechanical equipment. It is a key part of the transmission of motion and power and widely used in mechanical equipment. When the gear failure, the performance of the mechanical equipment will be decreased, or even lose the ability to work. Therefore it is very important to diagnose the gear accurately and timely.

The gear test explore all kinds of gear transmission by using the experimental method of the failure form and determine its bearing capacity, transmission efficiency and performance. This paper mainly carries on the design of the gear transmission test bench test system. Choose the main measuring equipment such as torque sensor, vibration acceleration sensor, noise meter, as well as the main control equipment such as temperature controller, loader, motor and so on. This experiment tested the fault gear. Measuring gear and gear box noise, vibration signal and torque as well as rotational speed signal by measuring system. Then through the data acquisition instrument to transfer the data to the computer for storage. Finally based on the signal analysis, so as to realize the fault diagnosis of gears.

Key Words：gear; fault diagnosis; open-type gear testing machine; test system

目 录

第1章 绪论..................................................................................................................................1

1.1 研究的目的及意义.............................................................................................................1

1.2 国内外的研究现状和发展趋势.........................................................................................1

• 1. 研究的基本内容..................................................................................................................2

第2章 齿轮故障类型..................................................................................................................3

2.1 轮齿断裂.............................................................................................................................3

2.2 齿面损伤.............................................................................................................................4

2.2.1 齿面疲劳......................................................................................................................4

2.2.2 磨损..............................................................................................................................5

2.2.3 塑性变形......................................................................................................................6

2.2.1 热损伤..........................................................................................................................7

第3章 实验台的方案选择..........................................................................................................9

3.1 开放式齿轮传动实验台.....................................................................................................9

3.2 封闭式齿轮传动实验台.....................................................................................................9

3.3 实验台方案对比与选择.....................................................................................................9

第4章 实验台加载方案、测量系统、控制系统设计…….....................................................10

4.1 加载方案设计....................................................................................................................10

4.1.1 加载方案.....................................................................................................................10

4.1.2 加载方案确定及选型.................................................................................................11

4.2 测量系统设计....................................................................................................................13

4.2.1 扭矩测量模块.............................................................................................................13

4.2.2 振动信号测取模块.....................................................................................................15

4.2.3 噪声测取模块.............................................................................................................17

4.2.4 数据采集模块.............................................................................................................17

4.3 控制系统设计....................................................................................................................19

4.3.1 温度控制方案.............................................................................................................19

4.3.2 驱动方案.....................................................................................................................21

第5章 结论.................................................................................................................................23

参考文献.......................................................................................................................................24

致谢...............................................................................................................................................25