摘 要

悬架是现代汽车上的重要构件之一，它将车架（或车身）与车轴（或轮胎）弹性地连接起来。它的主要作用是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩，例如支撑力、制动力和驱动力等，并且缓和凹凸不平路面传给车身的冲击、并衰减由此引起的振动、保证乘员的乘坐舒适性、减小车辆本身的动载荷。所以，悬架的设计和及研究有很重要的意义。

本文针对宇通校车基本参数进行研究分析，结合汽车载荷，道路条件，舒适性与平顺性的需求，以及校车的特殊性对其前悬架进行了系统的设计。通过比较各种悬架类型的优缺点，本次设计选择了非独立悬架。弹性元件经过比较选取了强度高，性能好的少片变截面钢板弹簧。借鉴国内外的设计经验。对少片簧的基本参数进行了设计，并进行了刚度与强度的校核。验证所选的基本参数满足了校车对平顺性、舒适性以及安全性能方面的要求。此外，还通过计算确定了双筒式减振器的主要参数，选定符合国标的减振器型号。并完成了悬架的CAD装配图与零件图。成功的完成了本次设计

关键词：非独立悬架；少片簧；减振器；设计

Abstract

Suspension is an important element of one of the modern automobile, it to the chassis (or body) and axle (or tires) flexibly link. Its main role is the role of transmission in the body between the wheels and all the power and moment, such as support of, system dynamics and driving force, and easing the road to the whole body impact load, decay resulting vibration, ensure the comfort of the crew, cargo and vehicles reduce their moving load. Therefore,the design and research of suspension is of great significance

This paper according to the basic parameters of Yu-tong Bus to carry on the research analysis, combined with the vehicle load, road condition, the particularity of comfort and smooth demand, and the specific of school bus the front suspension were system design. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various types of suspension, the design choose non independent suspension. After the comparison of the elastic element, the taper leaf spring with high strength and good performance is selected. Absorb domestic and international design experience. The basic parameters of the taper leaf spring were designed, after the stiffness and strength check. Verify that the selected basic parameters meet the requirements of the school bus on ride comfort, comfort and safety performance. In addition, through the calculation of the main parameters of the damper, selected in line with the national standard damper model. And completed the suspension of the CAD assembly drawing and parts drawing. Successful completion of the design

Key Words： non-independent suspension；taper leaf spring；damper；design

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究的背景目的及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状及发展趋势 1

1.2.1 悬架弹性元件现状及发展趋势 1

1.2.2国内外悬架现状及发展趋势 2

1.3课题研究内容及预期目标 2

第2章 悬架结构形式和基本参数选择 4

2.1非独立悬架 4

2.2独立悬架 5

2.3宇通校车主要参数 6

2.4悬架静挠度 6

2.5悬架动挠度 7

2.6悬架的刚度 7

第3章 弹性元件的设计计算 8

3.1 弹簧形式、材料的选择 8

3.2 少片变截面钢板弹簧的结构设计 9

3.2.1少片簧轮廓线 9

3.2.2少片簧根部厚度 9

3.2.3少片簧端部厚度 9

3.2.4少片簧长度 9

3.2.5少片簧宽度 10

3.2.6少片簧弹簧片数 10

3.3少片变截面钢板弹簧的刚度计算 11

3.4少片变截面钢板弹簧的弧高及曲率的计算 12

3.4.1满载弧高 12

3.4.2满载静挠度f 13

3.4.3夹紧弧高 13

3.4.4自由弧高 13

3.4.5少片簧各边弧高及曲率半径 13

3.5少片变截面钢板弹簧的应力计算 14

3.6少片变截面弹簧的强度校核 15

3.6.1少片变截面钢板弹簧的纵扭应力校核 15

3.6.2少片变截面钢板弹簧的卷耳应力校核 16

3.7本章小结 17

第4章 减振器的设计计算 18

4.1减振器结构形式的选择 18

4.2 减振器基本参数的设计计算 19

4.2.1相对阻尼系数 19

4.2.2 减振器阻尼系数 19

4.2.3 最大卸荷力 20

4.2.4 筒式减振器工作缸直径 20

4.3本章小结 21

第5章 全文总结 22

参考文献： 23

致谢 24