摘 要

清障车全名道路清障车，又称拖车、道路救援车、拖拽车，是一种装有道路抢险专业装备的专用汽车，主要用于排除道路障碍、清理事故车辆、整理城市环境、给驾驶员提供帮助和救援服务。随着我国道路总里程的增长，国内汽车保有量也迅速增长，城市化进程突飞猛进导致城市规模急剧的扩张，引发了道路拥堵和事故频发等问题，大力开发具有新结构、新特点的清障车势在必行。本文旨在克服现有清障车无法长距离运输、不适合密集停车场合的清障、上装时间长，影响事故路段的正常通行等缺陷。

本文以适用于前后作业距离不足情况的新型侧装式清障车为研究对象，在查阅大量关于清障车的文献资料的基础上，根据侧装式清障车适用对象及工作环境，对其上装系统进行结构设计。利用计算机辅助设计软件CATIA建立侧装式清障车上装系统各机构的三维模型。对侧装式清障车上装系统主要受力部件之一——插板进行受力分析及载荷计算，然后利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对插板进行有限元分析。

有限元分析结果的位移云图表明，该插板在侧装式清障车工作过程中的最大倾斜角度满足要求。有限元分析结果的应力云图表明，该插板在侧装式清障车工作过程中受到的最大应力不超过插板材料——Q235的许用应力。即插板可以达到侧装式清障车的功能要求。

本文为侧装式清障车的后续设计工作提供了一定的依据。

关键词：侧装式清障车；上装系统；CATIA；ANSYS

Abstract

The full name of wrecker is road wrecker, it also known as tow truck, breakdown truck, recovery vehicle or breakdown lorry, is a special purpose vehicle equipped with road rescue professional equipment, it’s mainly used to eliminate road barriers, clear up accident vehicles, arrange urban environments and provide drivers with assistance and rescue services. With the increase in the total mileage of roads and the number of vehicles in China, the rapid urbanization process has led to a drastic expansion of the city scale, which has caused road congestion and frequent accidents, it is imperative to vigorously develop the wrecker with new structure and new features. The purpose of this paper is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing wrecker's inability to transport long distances, unsuitable for dense parking lots, long loading time, and affect the normal passage of accidental road sections.

This paper takes a new type of side-mounted wrecker that is suitable when the front and rear operation distances are not enough as the research object, on the basis of consulting a large number of literature on wreckers, the structure of the loading system of side-mounted wrecker is designed according to the applicable object and working environment of the side-mounted wrecker. Computer Aided Design software CATIA is used to establish the three-dimensional model of each mechanism of the loading system of side-mounted wrecker. The inserting plate is one of the main force-receiving parts of the side-mounted wrecker, force analysis and load calculation of it are done, and then finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to complete the finite element analysis of it.

According to displacement vector sum, the maximum angle of inclination of the inserting plate during the working process of the side-mounted wrecker meets the requirements. According to von mises stress, the maximum stress of the inserting plate during the working process of the side-mounted wrecker does not exceed the allowable stress of Q235, the material of it. That is, the inserting plate reaches the functional requirements of the side-mounted wrecker.

This paper provides a certain basis for the subsequent design work of the side-mounted wrecker.

Key Words：Side-mounted Wrecker；Loading System；CATIA；ANSYS

Catalogue

Chapter 1 Introduction 2

1.1 Overview of Wrecker 2

1.2 Structure and Classification of Wrecker 2

1.2.1 Basic Structure of Wrecker 2

1.2.2 Classification of Wrecker 2

1.3 Domestic and Foreign Development Status and Trends of Wrecker 4

1.3.1 Foreign Development Status of Wrecker 4

1.3.2 Domestic Development Status of Wrecker 4

1.3.3 Development Trends of Wrecker 6

1.4 Research Significance and Research Content 7

1.4.1 Research Significance 7

1.4.2 Research content 8

Chapter 2 Determination of Structural Forms and Structural Parameters 10

2.1 Determination of Structural Forms 10

2.2 Determination of Structural Parameters 11

Chapter 3 Finite Element Analysis 15

3.1 Overview 16

3.1.1 Finite Element Analysis Process of Automobile Structure 16

3.1.2 Finite Element Analysis Software of Automobile Structure 17

3.2 The Establishment of Finite Element Model 18

3.2.1 CATIA 19

3.2.2 The Establishment of Three-Dimensional Model 20

3.2.3 The Establishment of Finite Element Model 24

3.3 Finite Element Analysis 25

3.3.1 Force Analysis and Load Calculation 26

3.3.2 Application of Load and Constraint 26

3.3.3 Calculation Results 27

Chapter 4 Summary and Outlook 29

4.1 Summary 29

4.2 Outlook 30

Reference 31

Thanks To 33

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Overview of Wrecker

The full name of wrecker is road wrecker, it also known as tow truck, breakdown truck, recovery vehicle or breakdown lorry, is a special purpose vehicle equipped with road rescue professional equipment^[1][2][3]. Special purpose vehicles refer to vehicles equipped with special equipment, which have special functions and undertake special transportation tasks or special operations. They are important vehicles for transportation and engineering operations that are indispensable in the process of social development and national economic construction^[4][5]. According to their different functions and uses, China's special purpose vehicles are divided into six categories: van, tanker, special dump truck, cranelift truck, storagestake truck and special construction vehicle. The wrecker belongs to the special operation vehicle in the category of special construction vehicle, and is mainly used to eliminate road barriers, clear up accident vehicles, arrange urban environments and provide drivers with assistance and rescue services^[6][7]. They are widely used in highways, urban roads, airports and docks^[8].

1.2 Structure and Classification of Wrecker

1.2.1 Basic Structure of Wrecker

Wreckers are generally composed of two parts: chassis and loading system and usually equipped with various types of operational accessories. The chassis mainly includes automobile chassis, sub-frame, hydraulic leg and tool box, etc. And, automobile chassis is usually the second-class chassis. Loading system mainly includes telescopic boom, derricking cylinder, counterweight, winch system, bracket, retractable cylinder and other ancillary mechanisms^[9].