摘 要

我国经济经过几十年的蓬勃发展，使得人们的生活水准的得到较大提升,人类健康也逐渐成为人们的关注话题。心血管疾病对人体健康危害极大，一直都是研究人员的重点研发方向。我国心血管病死亡率居首位,高于肿瘤及其他疾病，占居民疾病死亡构成的 40%以上，特别是农村近几年来心血管病死亡率持续高于城市。^[1]心血管疾病之所以危害巨大，是因为它突发性强，难以及时发现且危险系数高。如果研究出可以院外便携式监测,实现自动诊断和远程通讯功能的仪器设备，从而使突发性心血管疾病尽早被发现并及时得到治疗，那么对于心血管疾病患者将是巨大的福音。但是，目前便携式的检测设备大多价格较贵，且医院所采用的心电监测设备体积大、无法随时随地跟踪检测，难以实现心脏病患者的日常监测。近些年来，微处理器、微传感器和通讯技术进一步发展，硬件及软件成本上可进一步降低，便携式心电监测仪也成ECG检测装置新的发展研究方向。基于以上技术方法，本文设计了一种低功耗、便携式心电监测仪，主要做了以下工作：采用Ag/Agcl(银/氯化银)电极、选用AD8232接收心电信号(AD8232是单导联，低功耗，是用来测量心脏的电活动心率监测器)、采用Arduino UNO开发板获取心电信号并与虚拟仪器LabVIEW通讯(后者进一步处理心电信号)。

关键词：AD8232；Arduino；心电信号；LabVIEW

Abstract

After decades of vigorous domestic economic development, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and human's health has gradually become a topic of concern. Cardiovascular disease is very harmful to human health, and has always been the research and development direction of researchers. The mortality rate of cardiovascular disease is the first in China, higher than that of tumor and other diseases, accounting for more than 40% of the total death rate of residents, especially in rural areas in recent years.^[1] Cardiovascular disease is very harmful because it is sudden, difficult to find in time and high risk factor. If we could find out the instrument or equipment which can be monitored outside the hospital and realize the function of automatic diagnosis and remote communication, so that the sudden cardiovascular disease can be found as soon as possible and treated in time, then that woulde be a great blessing for the patients with cardiovascular disease. However, at present, most of the portable detection equipment is expensive, and the ECG monitoring equipment used in the hospital is large and can not be tracked and detected anytime at anywhere, so it is difficult to achieve the daily monitoring of heart disease patients. In recent years, with the further development of microprocessor, micro sensor and communication technology, the cost of hardware and software can be much more reduced, and portable ECG monitor has become a new research direction of ECG detection device. Based on the above technical methods, this paper designs a portable ECG monitor with low power consumption. The main work is as follows: Ag / AgCl (silver / silver chloride) electrode, choosing AD8232 to receive ECG signal (AD8232 is a single lead, low power consumption, is used to measure the heart's electrical activity heart rate monitor), using Arduino Uno development board acquires ECG signal and communicates with LabVIEW, a virtual instrument, which further processes ECG signal

Key Words：AD8232；Arduino；ECG,；LabVIEW

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 发展研究现状..........................................................................................................................................1

1.2总体设计方案 2

第2章 硬件设计 4

2.1 心电采集模块的设计 5

2.2 Arduino的设计及工作原理 5

2.3 硬件部分的整体设计 6

第3章 软件设计 7

3.1 Arduino IDE与开发板之间的通讯 8

3.2 Arduino IDE下的数据采集 8

3.3 Arduino 信号显示效果评价 9

3.4 LabVIEW与Arduino 的通讯方式 10

第4章 使用LabVIEW处理心电信号 11

4.1 心电图基础知识 12

4.2 心电图噪声来源 13

4.3 利用LabVIEW消除噪声的方法 14

4.4 搭建消除噪声及信号分析框图..........................................................................................................15

第5章 总结 17

参考文献 18

致谢 20

第1章 绪论

人体正常的生理活动离不开心脏的持续有节律的跳动,心脏的跳动会使心肌细胞及其附近组织心肌细胞的动作电位与我们身体其他组织和部位之间产生差异。心脏是人体血液循环的一个重要枢纽,而由于人体心肌细胞及其生命活动的正常离不开和细胞与血液之间进行的物质交换,它的持续跳动使人体血液得以运输至各个的组织和器官。我们的心脏之所以有节奏的持续跳动,这主要是因为心脏的肌纤维结构里存在一种特殊的弹性肌纤维,它在跳动时能自主且稳定有规律地使肌细胞产生兴奋,从而稳定带动其余心肌细胞有节律的进行收缩和伸张。一些常见的心血管疾病会出现心率失常,如缺血性冠心病(CHD)。^[2]冠心病是目前临床上一种常见且危害性极大的心血管内科慢性疾病,若不能及时对心电图予以有效的控制,则心率失常可能直接造成心肌细胞的缺血、缺氧等。于是心电图的动态电位监测十分重要。

心电信号的采集过程也并不繁琐,心肌细胞的生物电极性转换能够很快传导到周围的细胞,进而在我们的皮肤（人体最大的器官）也能接收到心肌细胞电极性的转换。于是粘连在体表相应位置的采集电极就能及时获得心电变化。电极再连接到信号采集转换的模块,再通过模数转换，最终显示屏幕上的的心电信号及其变化过程呈现的便是心电图。