摘 要

汽车天窗的智能发展是汽车自动化的一部分，为保证天窗在今后发展的实用性。在以往的手动控制天窗方法上进行优化。考虑外界环境对天窗关闭带来的影响，以及在突发事故时天窗作为可行的逃生出口使用。因此此我们需要研究天窗在特定环境下通过智能控制的办法达到关闭效果。

然而最近也有天窗夹伤人的事故，天窗系统质量，还有自动天窗编程不统一，下雨时天窗无法及时关闭等一系列的问题，制约着汽车行业的发展，这是需要解决的。本文就以stm8单片机为基础，设计了一种汽车自动天窗控制系统并基于雨量检测，实现天窗的状态检测及自动关闭的系统。其主要内容包括：

1. 天窗电机正反转的系统设计，此系统基于STC89C52单片机和光耦继电器结合进行控制，为了达到更好效果，添加了手动操作和自动操作。通过触点开关的两个状态，即按下和松开时，输出的电平。经过单片机输出后，在经过信号的放大效果，连接至继电器的输入端口。当电流到达一定数值，继电器就会吸合。使继电器连接的电机工作。反转也是如此，继电器二路反接电机达到效果。
2. 雨量检测系统设计，此系统是基于STM8的单片机和雨量检测模块搭建而成。STM8符合汽车常用MCU，并且其强大的功能也是此次设计能够突出而来的。外界信号接收后，单片机首先做出播报，达到提醒司机的效果，并自动关闭车窗。之后单片机输出高电平信号通过信号放大发到反转的继电器，达到响应，并关闭天窗。软件设计上使用IAR集成开发环境配合STM8库函数进行开发，采用中断让发给继电器的信号保持10秒。之后恢复，直到下次检测。为了精确同时添加计数器对信号采集计数，便于更新寄存器。
3. 系统的可靠性分析，这里分析的主要部分首先是信号的传输是否稳定，干扰信号如何降低，对于较大的天窗能否带动并正常工作。信号采集稳定性能，以及检测试验平台的搭建，都与其可靠性有着直接联系。验证了这些问题，就可以验证其可靠性。

关键词： 汽车天窗 stm8 雨量检测 自动控制

Abstract

Intelligent development of automobile sunroof is a part of automobile automation, in order to ensure the practicability of sunroof development in the future. Optimize the previous method of manually controlling sunroof. Considering the influence of external environment on the closing of skylights, and the use of skylights as feasible escape exits in case of unexpected accidents. Therefore, we need to study the closing effect of skylights by intelligent control in specific environment.

Recently, however, there are a series of problems, such as injuries caused by skylight clamps, the quality of skylight system, the disunity of automatic skylight programming, and the inability to close the skylight in time when it rains, which restrict the development of automobile industry and need to be solved. In this paper, based on stm8 single chip microcomputer, an auto sunroof control system is designed, and based on rainfall detection, the system of auto sunroof status detection and automatic closing is realized. Its main contents include:

1. the system design of sunroof motor forward and reverse rotation. this system is controlled based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer and optocoupler relay. in order to achieve better effect, manual operation and automatic operation are added. Output level through two states of the contact switch, i.e. pressing and releasing. After being output by the single chip microcomputer, it is connected to the input port of the relay after being amplified by the signal. When the current reaches a certain value, the relay will pull in. Operate the motor connected to the relay. The same is true for reverse rotation, and the relay connects the motor in reverse two ways to achieve the effect.

2. Design of rainfall detection system, which is based on the single chip microcomputer of STM8 and rainfall detection module. STM8 is in line with MCU commonly used in automobiles, and its powerful functions are also outstanding in this design. After the external signal is received, the single-chip microcomputer first broadcasts to remind the driver and automatically close the window. After that, the high-level signal output by the single-chip microcomputer is sent to the reverse relay through signal amplification, which responds and closes the skylight. In the software design, IAR integrated development environment is used in conjunction with STM8 library function, and interrupt is used to keep the signal sent to relay for 10 seconds. Then recover until the next test. In order to accurately add counters to count signal acquisition at the same time, it is convenient to update registers.

3. Reliability analysis of the system. The main part of this analysis is whether the signal transmission is stable, how to reduce the interference signal, and whether the larger skylight can drive and work normally. The stability of signal acquisition and the establishment of test platform are directly related to its reliability. By verifying these problems, we can verify its reliability.

Keywords: Car skylights Rainfall detection stm8 Automatic control

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及其意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状分析 1

1.3章节安排 3

第二章 方案设计 4

2.1设计进度安排 4

2.2设计方案选择 4

2.3任务分解结构： 5

2.4资源规划矩阵 6

第三章 系统搭建和硬件原理设计 7

3.1试验台结构设计 7

3.2设计所用的微控制器概述 8

3.2.1 stm8概述 8

3.2.2 STC89C52单片机及其最小系统的概述 9

3.3雨量检测模块MH-RD 11

3.4 继电器模块 12

3.5信号放大模块 13

3.6硬件总电路设计 14

第四章 系统软件部分设计概述 15

4.1软件设计总体概述 15

4.2软件的设计与实现环境概述 15

4.3软件部分的实现 18

4.3.1控制部分软件的功能实现 18

4.3.2测试部分的程序实现 19

第五章 系统的验证分析 22

5.1系统的实物图 22

5.2 功能验证 22

5.3可靠性验证分析 23

5.3.1设计可靠性分析 23

5.3.2成本可靠性分析 24

第六章 总结与展望 25

6.1总结 25

6.2展望 25

参考文献 27

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景及其意义

随着科技的进步，汽车的市场状态进入一个稳健的增长期，汽车的需求越来越大，人们也不满足于传统的对机械的控制，更注重于智能智能系统的开发。随着人们生活的不断提高，对汽车不仅仅是交通工具一个要求，汽车更是像一个移动的小家，对汽车的舒适度、安全性等的要求不断提高。为了提升汽车的体验感并不断满足人们对汽车的需求。智能化、车联网等新型汽车的生产成为发展的必然趋势，随着而然汽车电子模块也会越来越多。原先的汽车从手动变成了自动，而后有人驾驶的汽车也智能化为无人驾驶汽车。[1]汽车的自动化是电子工业和汽车工业两个领域相结合的，汽车电子技术改善了汽车的动力性能，使汽车在驾驶过程中更加具有安全性和稳定性。汽车的自动化所带来的优势近一点说是对汽车国际市场的进军，远一点说是对智能科技的飞跃突破，汽车智能制造领域的发展在今后也是与国家的发展生产紧密的联系在一起。在智能的产品方面而言，智能的汽车在今后不仅将成为全新的智能产品，还将成为每个家庭的个性化的服务平台。智能汽车的每一个部件都在反映着国内的各种先进技术。在其制造方面，汽车的每个部件也都在向着智能化，柔性化，集成化方向迈进。

随着汽车部件将会一一智能化，那么汽车天窗的智能也极其重要，它作为汽车最重要的部件，它能给汽车带来舒适的车内环境和采光，并且给车内提供新鲜空气。将车内的有害气体排出，保持空气流畅。天窗还可以调解车内温度，并且在发生汽车溺水时，也可以作为一个很好的逃生出口使用。然而最近也有天窗夹伤人的事情，天窗系统质量问题，还有自动天窗编程不统一，下雨时天窗无法及时关闭等一系列的问题，制约着汽车行业的发展，这是需要解决的。