论文总字数：19355字

摘 要

废弃生物质通过厌氧发酵而被无害化，同时产生沼气。这一过程是将废弃有机生物质能源化、稳定化的有效途径，但因缺乏系统的调控手段和适宜的工艺条件，致使发酵过程中仍存在产气率低、能源转化率低等问题。本文以猪粪为原料、驯化后的沼液为接种物，设定活性炭和温度变量，通过实验进一步探讨厌氧发酵过程中活性炭对猪粪中高温条件下产气特性的影响。

分析数据，结果表明：活性炭能显著提高厌氧发酵的产气性能及原料利用率，并有效吸附氨氮，避免氨氮抑制；厌氧发酵在高温(50℃)条件下更具优势，相比于中温(38℃)发酵，其总累积产气量和甲烷产量、TS、VS去除率、COD降解率均有所提高；高温条件下原料利用迅速，产气高峰和产甲烷高峰提前，但更易发生氨氮抑制。

综合分析，外加活性炭的高温发酵，其总产气量、COD降解率、TS去除率、VS去除率均达实验中的最好水平，且最早到达产气高峰，在产气速率、原料利用率、能源转换率等方面最具优势。同时添加活性炭的高温发酵系统，其酸化程度最轻。

关键词：厌氧发酵 猪粪 活性炭 中高温 氨氮

Study on gas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of pig manure supplemented with activated carbon under medium and high temperature conditions

Abstract

Waste biomass is stabilized by anaerobic fermentation, while producing biogas. This process is an effective way to energy and harmless the organic biomass. However, due to the lack of systematic control and appropriate process conditions, there are still a series of problem in the fermentation process like low gas production rate and low energy conversion rate. We use pig manure as raw material, domesticated biogas slurry as inoculum in the paper,with activated carbon and temperature as variables, through this experiment to further explorein the effect of Activated Carbon on gas - producing characteristics in swine manure at medium and high temperature during anaerobic fermentation.

Analysis the data, the results show that: activated carbon can significantly improve the gas production performance and raw material utilization efficiency of anaerobic fermentation and effectively adsorb ammonia nitrogen to prevent ammonia nitrogen inhibition;Anaerobic fermentation is more advantageous at high temperature (50 ℃). Compared with medium temperature (38 ℃), the total accumulated gas production and methane production, TS, VS removal rate and COD degradation rate are all improved ; While high temperature conditions, the use of raw materials is more rapidly, gas production peak and methane peak in advance, but more prone to ammonia nitrogen suppression.

In the high temperature fermentation system with activated carbon,it’s total removal rate, COD removal rate, TS removal rate and VS removal rate all achieve the best results in all fermentation systems ,and it’s gas production peak come earliest. In the rate of gas production, energy conversion and raw material utilization and so on all have the greatest advantage. At the same time, the fermentation system of high temperature with activated carbon, also has a lightest acidification degree .

Key Words: anaerobic fermentation; pig manure; activated carbon; medium and high temperature; ammonia nitrogen

目 录

摘 要

Abstract

第一章 文献综述

1.1 研究背景

1.2 猪粪的危害与利用现状

1.3 沼气厌氧发酵

1.3.1沼气的理化性质

1.3.2厌氧发酵原理

1.3.3 厌氧发酵处理猪粪的优势

1.4 厌氧发酵的影响因素

1.4.1 氨氮抑制

1.4.3 活性炭材料

1.5论文研究意义、内容及路线

1.5.1 研究意义及目的

1.5.2 研究内容

1.5.3 实验路径

第二章 实验部分

2.1 实验材料及仪器

2.1.1实验试剂

2.1.2 实验仪器

2.1.3 实验原料与接种物

2.2 实验方法

2.2.1 实验装置

2.2.2 接种液驯化

2.2.3 发酵体系构建

2.3 数据测定方法

2.3.1 TS 的测定

2.3.2 VS 的测定

2.3.3 pH 的测定

2.3.4 氨氮的测定

2.3.5 COD的测定

2.3.7 产气量的测定

2.3.8 沼气成分测定

第三章 结果与讨论

3.1日产气量分析

3.2总产气量、总甲烷产量分析

3.3甲烷含量分析

3.4 pH变化分析

3.6 COD降解率分析

3.7 TS、VS去除率分析

第四章 结论与展望

4.1 结论

4.2 展望

致谢

参考文献

1. 文献综述

1.1 研究背景

依照能源消费结构来看，全球能源耗费依旧以化石能源为主导，而随着社会经济的不断发展，化石能源正呈现出日益紧缺的状态。依据2016年BP数据，中国作为占全球能源消费量23%的世界最大能源消耗国^[1]，所面临的能源问题更为严峻。与此同时，化石能源的使用使得CO₂、粉尘、SO₂等污染物的排放大量增加，所带来的诸如温室效应、水气污染等环境问题严重破坏生态系统、制约人类的可持续发展。为缓解生态系统压力、减少化石能源的消耗，寻找新的、可大规模开发的、环保型替代能源成为目前研究的一个重要课题。

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